uwsgi 无法从 supervisord 启动，但在命令行中工作正常，为什么？

Question

我的 Debian7 VPS 和 uwsgi 上安装了 Anaconda Python3.6 是通过 pip 安装的。
当我使用 .ini 在命令行中使用 uwsgi 部署我的 flask 应用程序时，一切正常 文件：

[uwsgi]  
master = true
processes = 1  
threads = 1  
wsgi-file = /usr/local/anaconda3/envs/p3/myApp.py   
callable = app   
http-socket = 0.0.0.0:5050       
virtualenv = /usr/local/anaconda3/envs/p3  

部署成功：

root@server58 envs/p3# uwsgi myApp.ini  
[uWSGI] getting INI configuration from myApp.ini  
*** Starting uWSGI 2.0.15 (64bit) on [Wed May  3 21:38:50 2017] ***  
compiled with version: 4.7.2 on 25 April 2017 09:17:47  
os: Linux-2.6.32-042stab116.1 #1 SMP Wed May 4 16:21:02 MSK 2016  
nodename: server58.mainpacket.com  
machine: x86_64  
clock source: unix  
pcre jit disabled  
detected number of CPU cores: 1  
current working directory: /usr/local/anaconda3/envs/p3  
detected binary path: /usr/local/anaconda3/bin/uwsgi  
uWSGI running as root, you can use --uid/--gid/--chroot options  
*** WARNING: you are running uWSGI as root !!! (use the --uid flag) ***  
your processes number limit is 514887  
your memory page size is 4096 bytes  
detected max file descriptor number: 1024  
lock engine: pthread robust mutexes  
thunder lock: disabled (you can enable it with --thunder-lock)  
uwsgi socket 0 bound to TCP address 0.0.0.0:5050 fd 3  
Python version: 3.6.0 |Anaconda 4.3.0 (64-bit)| (default, Dec 23 2016, 12:22:00)  [GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-1)]  
Set PythonHome to /usr/local/anaconda3/envs/p3  
Python main interpreter initialized at 0x12e22a0  
python threads support enabled  
your server socket listen backlog is limited to 100 connections  
your mercy for graceful operations on workers is 60 seconds  
mapped 145536 bytes (142 KB) for 1 cores  
*** Operational MODE: single process ***  
WSGI app 0 (mountpoint='') ready in 0 seconds on interpreter 0x12e22a0 pid: 10409 (default app)  
*** uWSGI is running in multiple interpreter mode ***  
spawned uWSGI master process (pid: 10409)  
spawned uWSGI worker 1 (pid: 10411, cores: 1)  
[pid: 10411|app: 0|req: 1/1] 113.66.169.110 () {34 vars in 680 bytes} [Wed May  3 21:44:00 2017] GET /func2?op1=sdkfh&op2=385 => generated 17 bytes in 2 msecs (HTTP/1.1 200) 2 headers in 79 bytes (1 switches on core 0)  
[pid: 10411|app: 0|req: 2/2] 113.66.169.110 () {34 vars in 643 bytes} [Wed May  3 21:44:01 2017] GET /favicon.ico => generated 233 bytes in 21 msecs (HTTP/1.1 404) 2 headers in 72 bytes (1 switches on core 0)  

应用程序响应正确，一切正常。 但是当我使用以下 .conf 文件将部署放入 supervisor 时：

[program:myApp]  
command = /usr/local/anaconda3/bin/uwsgi   
/usr/local/anaconda3/envs/p3/myApp.ini  
autostart = true  
startsecs = 5  
startretries = 3  
redirect_stderr = true  
stdout_logfile = /usr/local/anaconda3/envs/p3/log_file  
stdout_logfile_maxbytes = 1MB  
stdout_logfile_backup = 5  
stopsignal = QUIT  

uwsgi 似乎无法启动我的应用程序，日志文件显示：

[uWSGI] getting INI configuration from /usr/local/anaconda3/envs/p3/myApp.ini  
*** Starting uWSGI 2.0.15 (64bit) on [Wed May  3 18:42:14 2017] ***  
compiled with version: 4.7.2 on 25 April 2017 09:17:47  
os: Linux-2.6.32-042stab116.1 #1 SMP Wed May 4 16:21:02 MSK 2016  
nodename: server58.mainpacket.com  
machine: x86_64  
clock source: unix  
pcre jit disabled  
detected number of CPU cores: 1  
current working directory: /  
detected binary path: /usr/local/anaconda3/bin/uwsgi  
uWSGI running as root, you can use --uid/--gid/--chroot options  
*** WARNING: you are running uWSGI as root !!! (use the --uid flag) ***   
your processes number limit is 514887  
your memory page size is 4096 bytes  
detected max file descriptor number: 1024  
lock engine: pthread robust mutexes  
thunder lock: disabled (you can enable it with --thunder-lock)  
uwsgi socket 0 bound to TCP address 0.0.0.0:5050 fd 3  
Could not find platform independent libraries <prefix>  
Could not find platform dependent libraries <exec_prefix>  
Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to <prefix>[:<exec_prefix>]  
Python version: 3.6.0 |Continuum Analytics, Inc.| (default, Dec 23 2016, 12:22:00)  [GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-1)]  
Set PythonHome to /usr/local/anaconda3/envs/p3  
Fatal Python error: Py_Initialize: Unable to get the locale encoding  
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'encodings'  

Current thread 0x00007fd6e509a700 (most recent call first):  

如果我使用 gunicorn + supervisor 进行部署，效果很好。所以我相信这是关于 uwsgi 设置的。但是为什么它在命令行中运行良好，而 supervisor 却失败了？知道如何解决吗？

Answer 1

实验了几种方法，发现是uWSGI工作目录的问题。 首先，您应该在稍后运行应用程序的环境中从源代码构建 uWSGI。

激活Env，然后

cd 环境路径 wget https://projects.unbit.it/downloads/uwsgi-2.0.15.tar.gz
tar -xvzf uwsgi-2.0.15.tar.gz
cd uwsgi-2.0.15
python uwsgiconfig.py --build

确保将 uwsgi 复制或软链接到 /path-to-env/bin 目录，并检查 uWSGI 是否有效。

然后记得在应用程序的 .ini 文件中添加 'chdir' 选项。就我而言：

[uwsgi]  
master = true
processes = 1  
threads = 1  
chdir = /usr/local/anaconda3/envs/p3
wsgi-file = /usr/local/anaconda3/envs/p3/myApp.py   
callable = app   
http-socket = 0.0.0.0:5050       
virtualenv = /usr/local/anaconda3/envs/p3  

在 Supervisor 中设置服务，然后一切正常...

附言。如果你在 root 环境中构建 uwsgi，工作目录应该是 /usr/local/anaconda3 。