Django：处理后 JSON 请求

Question

我需要用 django 处理一些 JSON 数据。 我会收到这些数据：

{
    "user": 8,
    "orderDay": "2020-06-24",
    "deliveryDay": "2020-06-30",
    "deliveryAddress": "Place des Fêtes",
    "comment": "",
    "orderDetail": 
    [
        {
            "product": 2,
            "byProduct": 2,
            "quantity": 43
        },
        {
            "product": 3,
            "byProduct": 3,
            "quantity": 5
        }
    ]
}

我想将此数据保存在 3 个不同的表中：order 和 orderDetail。 models.py：

class order(models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(memberArea, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    comment = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)
    orderDay = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    deliveryDay = models.DateField()
    deliveryPlace = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    state = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    price = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)
    response = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)
...
class orderDetail(models.Model):
    order = models.ForeignKey(order, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    product = models.ForeignKey(product, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    byProduct = models.ManyToManyField(byProduct)
    quantity = models.CharField(max_length=255)
...
class byProduct(models.Model):
    product = models.ForeignKey(product, on_delete = models.CASCADE)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=255)
...
class product(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    prix_uni = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)
    prix_kg = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)
    dispo = models.BooleanField(null=True, blank=True)
    category = models.ForeignKey(category, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    redu = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)

我没有找到任何关于如何使用 Django 处理 JSON 数据的好的文档。 提前致谢

更新

我尝试过这样的事情： serializer.py：

class ProductSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = product
        fields = '__all__'

class ByProductSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = byProduct
        fields = '__all__'

class orderDetailSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    order = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(many=False, queryset=order.objects.all())

    class Meta:
        model = orderDetail
        fields = '__all__'

class OrderSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    orderDetail = orderDetailSerializer(many=True)

    class Meta:
        model = order
        fields = ['user', 'comment', 'deliveryDay', 'deliveryAddress', 'orderDetail']

    def create(self, validated_data):
            order_detail_data = validated_data.pop('orderDetail')
            new_order = order.objects.create(**validated_data)
            new_order.save()
            for product in order_detail_data:
                order_detail = orderDetail.objects.create(**product)
                order_detail.order.add(new_order.id)
            
            return new_order

views.py：

@api_view(['POST'])
def order(request, format=None):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        serializer = OrderSerializer(data=request.data)
        data = {}
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            data['response'] = "Your order went well"
            return Response(data)
        return Response(serializer.errors)

Answer 1

您需要进行一些更改。

1. 更改数据格式：

{
    "user": 8,
    "orderDay": "2020-06-24",
    "deliveryDay": "2020-06-30",
    "deliveryAddress": "Place des Fêtes",
    "comment": "",
    "orderDetail": 
    [
        {
            "product": 2,
            "byProduct": [2],
            "quantity": 43
        },
        {
            "product": 3,
            "byProduct": [3],
            "quantity": 5
        }
    ]
}

byProduct 是一个ManyToMany 字段，因此它必须包含产品列表。

1. 在你的orderDetailSerializer:

class orderDetailSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:
        model = orderDetail
        fields = ['product', 'byProduct', 'quantity']

请注意，在fields 中我没有包含order，因为在我们的数据中没有这样的字段，因此出现错误order field is required。这很简单，因为序列化程序会解析我们发送的数据，如果缺少某些内容，它会通知我们。

1. orderSerializer 的变化：

class OrderSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    orderDetail = orderDetailSerializer(many=True)

    class Meta:
        model = order
        fields = ['user', 'comment', 'deliveryAddress', 'deliveryDay', 'orderDetail']

    def create(self, validated_data):
            order_detail_data = validated_data.pop('orderDetail')
            new_order = order.objects.create(**validated_data)
            # new_order.save()
            for product in order_detail_data:
                by_products = product.pop('byProduct')
                order_detail = orderDetail.objects.create(order=new_order, **product)
                order_detail.byProduct.set(by_products)
                order_detail.save()

            return new_order

需要注意的一点是，fields 包括 orderDetail 虽然它不是 order 模型的一部分，但是为了解析正在传递的数据，我们需要添加这样的字段，如果有更多的话。在create 方法内部byProduct 是一个ManyToMany 字段，所以我们必须使用set() 方法来分配它们，direct assignment 是不允许的。