AttributeError：“模块”对象没有属性python

Question

我对 python 相当陌生，并尝试按照here 描述的步骤安装 python 2.7.9。安装失败，出现以下错误：

python make: *** [libinstall] Error 1

我尝试重新安装以前版本的python：

sudo apt-get install --reinstall  python2.7-dev

安装正常进行。但是，现在，当尝试 import hashlib 我收到以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./server.py", line 5, in <module>
    import hashlib
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/hashlib.py", line 138, in <module>
    _hashlib.openssl_md_meth_names)
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'openssl_md_meth_names'

我也无法使用 pip 安装任何软件包，因为提供的唯一输出如下：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/pip", line 5, in <module>
    from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
ImportError: No module named pkg_resources

我安装了 python-setuptools：

sudo apt-get install python-setuptools

无论输入如何，

pip 仍然提供相同的输出。关注this我跑的问题：

curl -O https://bitbucket.org/pypa/setuptools/raw/bootstrap/ez_setup.py
chmod +x ez_setup.py
python ez_setup.py

输出是：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "ez_setup.py", line 19, in <module>
    import tempfile
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/tempfile.py", line 35, in <module>
    from random import Random as _Random
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/random.py", line 49, in <module>
    import hashlib as _hashlib
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/hashlib.py", line 138, in <module>
    _hashlib.openssl_md_meth_names)
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'openssl_md_meth_names'

问题出在哪里？

编辑#1：

sudo apt-get install --reinstall python2.7-dev的输出看起来正常：

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  libjs-sphinxdoc linux-headers-generic linux-image-generic
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 reinstalled, 0 to remove and 310 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/269 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
(Reading database ... 219657 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../python2.7-dev_2.7.6-8_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking python2.7-dev (2.7.6-8) over (2.7.6-8) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1) ...
Setting up python2.7-dev (2.7.6-8) ...

编辑#2：

我找到了解决类似问题的this question。它指向this 线程，该线程使用 checkinstall 来检索所有写入的文件并从中创建 .deb 包：

sudo apt-get install checkinstall  # install the checkinstall package
cd /home/user/Python-2.7.9
sudo checkinstall -D --fstrans=no make install   # make the deb package

运行最后一条命令后，提供的输出与 ma​​ke install 给出的输出相同：

...
Listing /usr/lib/python2.7/xml/parsers ...
Compiling /usr/lib/python2.7/xml/parsers/__init__.py ...
Compiling /usr/lib/python2.7/xml/parsers/expat.py ...
Listing /usr/lib/python2.7/xml/sax ...
Compiling /usr/lib/python2.7/xml/sax/__init__.py ...
Compiling /usr/lib/python2.7/xml/sax/_exceptions.py ...
Compiling /usr/lib/python2.7/xml/sax/expatreader.py ...
Compiling /usr/lib/python2.7/xml/sax/handler.py ...
Compiling /usr/lib/python2.7/xml/sax/saxutils.py ...
Compiling /usr/lib/python2.7/xml/sax/xmlreader.py ...
Compiling /usr/lib/python2.7/xmllib.py ...
Compiling /usr/lib/python2.7/xmlrpclib.py ...
Compiling /usr/lib/python2.7/zipfile.py ...
make: *** [libinstall] Error 1

编辑#3：

似乎所有脚本都无法运行。我正在研究签名算法（用于比特币），提到的工具here(bu, tx) 都输出相同的错误：

 Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/bin/bu", line 5, in <module>
    from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
ImportError: No module named pkg_resources

编辑#4：

我也尝试过here 提到的方法。 python get-pip.py 的输出 如下：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "get-pip.py", line 28, in <module>
    import tempfile
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/tempfile.py", line 35, in <module>
    from random import Random as _Random
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/random.py", line 49, in <module>
    import hashlib as _hashlib
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/hashlib.py", line 138, in <module>
    _hashlib.openssl_md_meth_names)
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'openssl_md_meth_names'

如果我评论该行：

import tempfile

然后执行继续到第 141 行：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "get-pip.py", line 19892, in <module>
    main()
  File "get-pip.py", line 141, in main
    tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
NameError: global name 'tempfile' is not defined

表示导入以下库：

import os.path
import pkgutil
import shutil
import sys
import struct
# import tempfile

成功。这让我相信 python2.7.9 的安装只是部分完成（正如 cmets 对此问题的明智建议）。

编辑#5：

我已经重新运行了配置和编译步骤：

./configure --prefix=/usr       \
            --enable-shared     \
            --with-system-expat \
            --with-system-ffi   \
            --enable-unicode=ucs4 &&
make

构建结束于：

Python build finished, but the necessary bits to build these modules were not found:
bsddb185           dl                 imageop         
sunaudiodev                                           
To find the necessary bits, look in setup.py in detect_modules() for the module's name.

running build_scripts

这些模块是必不可少的吗？

Answer 1

在我的情况下，我使用 virtualenv 只是将 virtualenv 文件夹从旧机器复制到新机器中...在我的新机器中，当我尝试安装 pip 包时它抛出了这个错误..

我通过再次创建新的 virtualenv 重新安装的 pip 包解决了这个问题...

Answer 2

这是一个旧线程，但我的回答可能会在将来对其他人有所帮助。

Step 1.通过以下检查_hashlib.openssl_md_meth_names，没有出现错误。

$ python
Python 2.7.9 (default, Oct 20 2016, 07:39:46) 
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import _hashlib
>>> _hashlib.openssl_md_meth_names
frozenset(['SHA256', 'SHA512', 'dsaWithSHA', 'md4', 'sha256', 'sha512', 'RIPEMD160', 'md5', 'whirlpool', 'SHA1', 'SHA224', 'SHA', 'SHA384', 'ecdsa-with-SHA1', 'MD4', 'DSA', 'sha1', 'DSA-SHA', 'sha224', 'dsaEncryption', 'ripemd160', 'sha', 'MD5', 'sha384'])
>>> 

第 2 步：

更改以下行：

File "/usr/lib/python2.7/random.py", line 49, in <module>
import hashlib as _hashlib

进入：

import _hashlib

然后就完成了。

Answer 3

文件“/usr/lib/python2.7/hashlib.py”，第 138 行，在 _hashlib.openssl_md_meth_names) AttributeError：“模块”对象没有属性“openssl_md_meth_names”

可以通过运行修复：

pip install hashlib

或

easyinstall hashlib

或

easy_install-2.7 hashlib