Django 在 Windows 10 64 位上找不到 GDAL

Question

我正在使用 PyCharm 和 Python 3.8 - 64 位。我正在尝试学习使用 Postgis 数据库实现 GeoDjango 和 Leaflet。我有一个带有 postgis 扩展名的 postgresql 数据库。我还安装了 psycopg2，遵循我之前的线程中的 cmets。 psycopg2 not detected by postgres django 在settings.py中，

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.contrib.gis.db.backends.postgis',
        'NAME': 'my-database',
        'USER': 'my-user',
        'PASSWORD': 'my-password',
        'HOST': 'localhost',
        'PORT': '5432',
    }
}

当我尝试运行 python manage.py makemigrations 时出现以下错误。

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 21, in <module>
    main()
  File "manage.py", line 17, in main
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "C:\Users\HP\PycharmProjects\GeoDjango and Leaflet\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 381, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "C:\Users\HP\PycharmProjects\GeoDjango and Leaflet\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 357, in execute
    django.setup()
  File "C:\Users\HP\PycharmProjects\GeoDjango and Leaflet\venv\lib\site-packages\django\__init__.py", line 24, in setup
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File "C:\Users\HP\PycharmProjects\GeoDjango and Leaflet\venv\lib\site-packages\django\apps\registry.py", line 114, in populate
    app_config.import_models()
  File "C:\Users\HP\PycharmProjects\GeoDjango and Leaflet\venv\lib\site-packages\django\apps\config.py", line 211, in import_models
    self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
  File "C:\Users\HP\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1014, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 991, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 975, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 671, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 783, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "C:\Users\HP\PycharmProjects\GeoDjango and Leaflet\venv\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\models.py", line 2, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
  File "C:\Users\HP\PycharmProjects\GeoDjango and Leaflet\venv\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\base_user.py", line 47, in <module>
    class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
  File "C:\Users\HP\PycharmProjects\GeoDjango and Leaflet\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 117, in __new__
    new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, app_label))
  File "C:\Users\HP\PycharmProjects\GeoDjango and Leaflet\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 321, in add_to_class
    value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
  File "C:\Users\HP\PycharmProjects\GeoDjango and Leaflet\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\options.py", line 204, in contribute_to_class
    self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
  File "C:\Users\HP\PycharmProjects\GeoDjango and Leaflet\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\__init__.py", line 28, in __getattr__
    return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
  File "C:\Users\HP\PycharmProjects\GeoDjango and Leaflet\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 201, in __getitem__
    backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
  File "C:\Users\HP\PycharmProjects\GeoDjango and Leaflet\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 110, in load_backend
    return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
  File "C:\Users\HP\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "C:\Users\HP\PycharmProjects\GeoDjango and Leaflet\venv\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\db\backends\postgis\base.py", line 6, in <module>
    from .features import DatabaseFeatures
  File "C:\Users\HP\PycharmProjects\GeoDjango and Leaflet\venv\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\db\backends\postgis\features.py", line 1, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.features import BaseSpatialFeatures
  File "C:\Users\HP\PycharmProjects\GeoDjango and Leaflet\venv\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\db\backends\base\features.py", line 3, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.db.models import aggregates
  File "C:\Users\HP\PycharmProjects\GeoDjango and Leaflet\venv\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\db\models\__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
    import django.contrib.gis.db.models.functions  # NOQA
  File "C:\Users\HP\PycharmProjects\GeoDjango and Leaflet\venv\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\db\models\functions.py", line 4, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.db.models.fields import BaseSpatialField, GeometryField
  File "C:\Users\HP\PycharmProjects\GeoDjango and Leaflet\venv\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\db\models\fields.py", line 3, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis import forms, gdal
  File "C:\Users\HP\PycharmProjects\GeoDjango and Leaflet\venv\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\forms\__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
    from .fields import (  # NOQA
  File "C:\Users\HP\PycharmProjects\GeoDjango and Leaflet\venv\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\forms\fields.py", line 2, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.gdal import GDALException
  File "C:\Users\HP\PycharmProjects\GeoDjango and Leaflet\venv\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\gdal\__init__.py", line 28, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.gdal.datasource import DataSource
  File "C:\Users\HP\PycharmProjects\GeoDjango and Leaflet\venv\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\gdal\datasource.py", line 39, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.gdal.driver import Driver
  File "C:\Users\HP\PycharmProjects\GeoDjango and Leaflet\venv\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\gdal\driver.py", line 5, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.gdal.prototypes import ds as vcapi, raster as rcapi
  File "C:\Users\HP\PycharmProjects\GeoDjango and Leaflet\venv\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\gdal\prototypes\ds.py", line 9, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.gdal.libgdal import GDAL_VERSION, lgdal
  File "C:\Users\HP\PycharmProjects\GeoDjango and Leaflet\venv\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\gis\gdal\libgdal.py", line 40, in <module>
    raise ImproperlyConfigured(
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Could not find the GDAL library (tried "gdal203", "gdal202", "gdal201", "gdal20", "gdal111"). Is GDAL installed? If it is, try setting GDAL_LIBR
ARY_PATH in your settings.

我查看了很多线程，但找不到解决方案。

Answer 1

从这个线程GeoDjango on Windows: "Could not find the GDAL library" / "OSError: [WinError 126] The specified module could not be found" 解决。 1.基本上去这个网站https://trac.osgeo.org/osgeo4w/。 2. 根据您的要求下载 32 位或 64 位软件包。 3. 安装时选择Web-GIS Install，点击next。 4. 在选定的包下，选择 GDAL、MapServer。如果允许，请选择 Apache。 5.会提示安装一些额外的依赖。允许他们。 6. 同意所有条款和条件提示。 7.安装完成后，进入settings.py，在INSTALLED_APPS = [...]

前添加以下内容

if os.name == 'nt':
    import platform
    OSGEO4W = r"C:\OSGeo4W"
    if '64' in platform.architecture()[0]:
        OSGEO4W += "64"
    assert os.path.isdir(OSGEO4W), "Directory does not exist: " + OSGEO4W
    os.environ['OSGEO4W_ROOT'] = OSGEO4W
    os.environ['GDAL_DATA'] = OSGEO4W + r"\share\gdal"
    os.environ['PROJ_LIB'] = OSGEO4W + r"\share\proj"
    os.environ['PATH'] = OSGEO4W + r"\bin;" + os.environ['PATH']

8. 运行 python manage.py 命令检查它是否正常工作。

Answer 2

看起来您根本没有安装 GDAL 库。 尝试安装它并执行makemigrations。

pip install GDAL

看来您可以尝试本页中提到的解决方案。

https://realpython.com/lessons/create-nearbyshops-app/