命令 $python3 manage.py migrate 出错

Question

我是 Django 新手，我正在使用 python 3.6 在 MacOS 上的 virtualenv 中运行 Django。命令 $python3 manage.py migrate 但我一直收到一个错误，要求我安装 mysqlclient。

Traceback (most recent call last):
File       "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 15, in <module>
import MySQLdb as Database
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/MySQLdb/__init__.py", line 19, in <module>
import _mysql
ImportError: dlopen(/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/_mysql.cpython-36m-darwin.so, 2): Library not loaded: @rpath/libmysqlclient.20.dylib
Referenced from: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/_mysql.cpython-36m-darwin.so
Reason: image not found

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "manage.py", line 15, in <module>
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 371, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 347, in execute
django.setup()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 24, in setup
apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 112, in populate
app_config.import_models()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 198, in import_models
self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 994, in _gcd_import
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 955, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 665, in _load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in exec_module
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 2, in <module>
from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py", line 47, in <module>
class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 114, in __new__
new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, app_label))
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 315, in add_to_class
value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/options.py", line 205, in contribute_to_class
self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 33, in __getattr__
return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 202, in __getitem__
backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 110, in load_backend
return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 20, in <module>
) from err
 django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module.
 Did you install mysqlclient?

pip3 冻结看起来像这样：

Django==2.0.1
mysqlclient==1.3.12
pytz==2017.3

我还可以使用哪个其他驱动程序？ 我在我创建的虚拟环境中运行它。 pip install MySQL-python 也不能在我的 Mac 上运行，因为预安装了 python 2.7 并运行 Django 2.0，我安装了 Python 3.6，为此，当我运行 pip3 install MySQL-python 时，我收到一个名为“ConfigParser”的无模块错误。

Answer 1

试试 pip3 安装 而不是 pip 安装

由于您使用的是 python 3

并检查你的系统中是否安装了 python3-dev