模型类 xxx 未声明显式 app_label 且不在 INSTALLED_APPS 中的应用程序中答案

【问题标题】：Model class xxx doesn't declare an explicit app_label and isn't in an application in INSTALLED_APPS模型类 xxx 未声明显式 app_label 且不在 INSTALLED_APPS 中的应用程序中
【发布时间】：2021-10-23 08:43:37
【问题描述】：

我正在尝试将scrapy 与django 集成。我是 django 的新手，我不知道我做错了什么。我已经阅读了以前的问题，但似乎没有一个答案可以解决我的问题。

我不断收到此错误

引发 RuntimeError( RuntimeError: 模型类 emails.models.Email 没有明确声明 app_label 并且不在 INSTALLED_APPS 中的应用程序中。

email_spider.py

from scrapyy.items import EmailItem

class firstSpider(scrapy.Spider): 
    name = "emails"
    ...
    def parse(self, response):
       ...
        item = EmailItem()
        item['email'] = text_list2

       ...
process = CrawlerProcess()
process.crawl(firstSpider)
process.start()

item.py

import scrapy
from scrapy_djangoitem import DjangoItem
from emails.models import Email

class EmailItem(DjangoItem):
    django_model = Email

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'scrapyy',
    'emails',
]

电子邮件/models.py

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
class Email(models.Model):
    email = models.CharField(max_length=100)

编辑

> Traceback (most recent call last):   File
> "C:\Users\FacilOrdi\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\runpy.py",
> line 197, in _run_module_as_main
>     return _run_code(code, main_globals, None,   File "C:\Users\FacilOrdi\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\runpy.py",
> line 87, in _run_code
>     exec(code, run_globals)   File "C:\Users\FacilOrdi\Desktop\venv\Scripts\scrapy.exe\__main__.py", line
> 7, in <module>   File
> "c:\users\facilordi\desktop\venv\lib\site-packages\scrapy\cmdline.py",
> line 144, in execute
>     cmd.crawler_process = CrawlerProcess(settings)   File "c:\users\facilordi\desktop\venv\lib\site-packages\scrapy\crawler.py",
> line 280, in __init__
>     super().__init__(settings)   File "c:\users\facilordi\desktop\venv\lib\site-packages\scrapy\crawler.py",
> line 152, in __init__
>     self.spider_loader = self._get_spider_loader(settings)   File "c:\users\facilordi\desktop\venv\lib\site-packages\scrapy\crawler.py",
> line 146, in _get_spider_loader
>     return loader_cls.from_settings(settings.frozencopy())   File "c:\users\facilordi\desktop\venv\lib\site-packages\scrapy\spiderloader.py",
> line 67, in from_settings
>     return cls(settings)   File "c:\users\facilordi\desktop\venv\lib\site-packages\scrapy\spiderloader.py",
> line 24, in __init__
>     self._load_all_spiders()   File "c:\users\facilordi\desktop\venv\lib\site-packages\scrapy\spiderloader.py",
> line 51, in _load_all_spiders
>     for module in walk_modules(name):   File "c:\users\facilordi\desktop\venv\lib\site-packages\scrapy\utils\misc.py",
> line 88, in walk_modules
>     submod = import_module(fullpath)   File "C:\Users\FacilOrdi\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\importlib\__init__.py",
> line 127, in import_module
>     return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1030, in _gcd_import   File
> "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load   File
> "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _find_and_load_unlocked 
> File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 680, in _load_unlocked  
> File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 850, in
> exec_module   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 228, in
> _call_with_frames_removed   File "C:\Users\FacilOrdi\Desktop\scraping\scrapyy\scrapyy\spiders\email_spider.py",
> line 7, in <module>
>     from scrapyy.items import EmailItem   File "C:\Users\FacilOrdi\Desktop\scraping\scrapyy\scrapyy\items.py", line
> 8, in <module>
>     from emails.models import Email   File "C:\Users/FacilOrdi/Desktop/scraping\emails\models.py", line 4, in
> <module>
>     class Email(models.Model):   File "c:\users\facilordi\desktop\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py",
> line 113, in __new__
>     raise RuntimeError( RuntimeError: Model class emails.models.Email doesn't declare an explicit app_label and isn't in an application in
> INSTALLED_APPS.

here is the structure of my project

【问题讨论】：

看起来你在scrapyy项目中从emails导入模型，在这种情况下你应该交换导入，所以INSTALLED_APPS = [ ..., 'emails', 'scrapyy']。
还是同样的错误
是的：你能请完整的回溯。您重新启动服务器了吗？
@WillemVanOnsem 我编辑了问题
看起来您正在运行一个 python 文件，因此不是通过 manage.py 将首先加载应用程序。

标签： python django web-scraping scrapy

【解决方案1】：

为了解决这个问题，我按照@WillemVanOnsem 的建议创建了一个管理命令

电子邮件/管理/命令/我的命令

import os
import sys

from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand
from scrapy import cmdline


class Command(BaseCommand):
    def handle(self, *args, **options):
        sys.path.insert(0, 'C:/Users/FacilOrdi/Desktop/scraping/scrapyy')
        os.environ['SCRAPY_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'scrapyy.scrapyy.settings'
        cmdline.execute("scrapy crawl emails".split())

在命令提示符下我运行：

python manage.py mycommand

【讨论】：