如何为用户可以选择添加更多字段的表单创建 Django 模型？

Question

这是写出 models.py 和 forms.py 中所有字段的正确方法吗？我确信必须有一种更简洁的方法来做到这一点，而不是单独列出所有字段并在末尾用数字区分它们。

我研究了 Django FormSets，但我不确定如何将它与 Django WizardForms 一起使用。

谢谢

models.py

class Profile(models.Model):
    education_school            = models.CharField(max_length=500, null=True, blank=True)
    education_degree            = models.CharField(max_length=500, null=True, blank=True)
    education_field             = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True)
    education_start             = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True)
    education_end               = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True)
    education_grade             = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)
    education_description       = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)

    education_school2           = models.CharField(max_length=500, null=True, blank=True)
    education_degree2           = models.CharField(max_length=500, null=True, blank=True)
    education_field2            = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True)
    education_start2            = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True)
    education_end2              = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True)
    education_grade2            = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)
    education_description2      = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)

    education_school3           = models.CharField(max_length=500, null=True, blank=True)
    education_degree3           = models.CharField(max_length=500, null=True, blank=True)
    education_field3            = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True)
    education_start3            = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True)
    education_end3              = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True)
    education_grade3            = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)
    education_description3      = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)

    education_school4           = models.CharField(max_length=500, null=True, blank=True)
    education_degree4           = models.CharField(max_length=500, null=True, blank=True)
    education_field4            = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True)
    education_start4            = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True)
    education_end4              = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True)
    education_grade4            = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)
    education_description4      = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)

    education_school5           = models.CharField(max_length=500, null=True, blank=True)
    education_degree5           = models.CharField(max_length=500, null=True, blank=True)
    education_field5            = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True)
    education_start5            = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True)
    education_end5              = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True)
    education_grade5            = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)
    education_description5      = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)

forms.py

class ProfileFour(forms.Form):
    education_school        = forms.CharField()
    education_degree        = forms.CharField()
    education_field         = forms.CharField()
    education_start         = forms.ChoiceField(choices=years)
    education_end           = forms.ChoiceField(choices=years)    
    education_grade         = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea)
    education_description   = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea)

    education_school2       = forms.CharField()
    education_degree2       = forms.CharField()
    education_field2        = forms.CharField()
    education_start2        = forms.ChoiceField(choices=years)
    education_end2          = forms.ChoiceField(choices=years)    
    education_grade2        = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea)
    education_description2  = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea)

    education_school3       = forms.CharField()
    education_degree3       = forms.CharField()
    education_field3        = forms.CharField()
    education_start3        = forms.ChoiceField(choices=years)
    education_end3          = forms.ChoiceField(choices=years)    
    education_grade3        = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea)
    education_description3  = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea)

    education_school4       = forms.CharField()
    education_degree4       = forms.CharField()
    education_field4        = forms.CharField()
    education_start4        = forms.ChoiceField(choices=years)
    education_end4          = forms.ChoiceField(choices=years)    
    education_grade4        = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea)
    education_description4  = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea)

    education_school5       = forms.CharField()
    education_degree5       = forms.CharField()
    education_field5        = forms.CharField()
    education_start5        = forms.ChoiceField(choices=years)
    education_end5          = forms.ChoiceField(choices=years)    
    education_grade5        = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea)
    education_description5  = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea)

Answer 1

你在 django 中有 ModelForm

class ProfileFour(form.ModelForm)
    class Meta:
       model = Profile
       fields = '__all__'  # you wand all field
       # or 
       fields = ['education_school', 'education_degree' ..] # name the field you want

doc django 非常好，请阅读。

https://docs.djangoproject.com/fr/3.0/topics/forms/modelforms/

编辑：用于完成@Countour-Integral 的答案

class Profil(models.Model)
   username = models.charField()
   ...

class Education(models.Model)
    profil = models.ForeignKey(Profil)
    school = models.CharField()
    degree = models.IntegerField()
    field = models.CharField()
    start = models.DateField()
    end = models.DateField()
    grade = models.CharField()
    description = models.textField()

Answer 2

您可以只使用 ManyToMany 字段，而不是编写相同的代码 5 次。

class Profile(models.Model):
    education_school            = models.ManyToManyField( blank=True)
    education_degree            = models.ManyToManyField( blank=True)
    education_field             = models.ManyToManyField( blank=True)
    education_start             = models.ManyToManyField( blank=True)
    education_end               = models.ManyToManyField( blank=True)
    education_grade             = models.ManyToManyField( blank=True)
    education_description       = models.ManyToManyField( blank=True)

• 然后您可以分别定义每个字段

class education_school(models.Model):
    education_school = models.CharField(max_length=500, null=True, blank=True)

其他字段以此类推

Answer 3

你看错了。首先，您的模型应该更新以反映您的用例。如果您不提前知道这些字段，您可以使用 JSONField 包含在 ArrayField 中，例如

education = ArrayField(models.JSONField(default=dict), size=10, default=list)

既然我们已经解决了这个问题，更好的方法是使用Education 作为模型，然后Profile 模型将具有Education 的外键。即

class Education(models.Model):
  school = models.CharField(max_length=50)
  degree = models.CharField(max_length=50)
  ...rest of fields

那么您的Profile 模型将具有： education = models.ForeignKey(Education, related_name="profile")

要获得不同数量的教育表格，您应该利用modelformset。将您的 EducationForm 创建为普通的 modelForm 实例，然后：

EducationFormSet = modelformset_factory(Education, form=EducationForm, max_num=10, extra=1)