在 Django 中是否有处理多种表单和模型的好方法？

Question

我正在构建一个应用程序，在该应用程序中，我有一个模型，其中包含多个多对多字段和一些外键字段，并且我需要一个允许我在一个页面中创建所有内容并让我为多对多字段输入多次的视图，但我不知道如何处理同一页面/视图中的大量表单。

主要型号

class Client(models.Model):
    company_name = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    payment_method = models.CharField(max_length=64, null=True, blank=True)
    owner = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True, null=True)
    operation = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True, null=True)
    value = models.DecimalField(max_digits=8, decimal_places=2, null=True, blank=True)
    currency = models.CharField(max_length=55, null=True, blank=True)

    address = models.ManyToManyField(Address, blank=True)
    contact = models.ManyToManyField(Contact, blank=True)
    relationship = models.ManyToManyField(Relationship, blank=True)
    attachment = models.ManyToManyField(Attachment, blank=True)

    billing = models.ForeignKey(Billing, null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    delivery = models.ForeignKey(Delivery, null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING, blank=True, null=True)

    note = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True)

    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.company_name

其他型号

class Address(models.Model):
    address = models.CharField(max_length=256, null=True, blank=True)
    number = models.PositiveIntegerField(null=True, blank=True)
    district = models.CharField(max_length=32, null=True, blank=True)
    city = models.CharField(max_length=32, null=True, blank=True)
    country = models.CharField(choices=COUNTRY_CHOICES, max_length=64, null=True, blank=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.address


class Contact(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=256, blank=False, null=True)
    sector = models.CharField(max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=256, blank=True, null=True)
    phone = PhoneField(blank=True, null=True)
    cellphone = PhoneField(blank=True, null=True)
    role = models.CharField(max_length=155, blank=True, null=True)
    nfe = models.BooleanField(verbose_name='NFE', default=False)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class Relationship(models.Model):
    company = models.CharField(max_length=256, blank=False, null=True)
    agent = models.ForeignKey(Vendedor, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING, blank=True, null=True)
    type = models.CharField(choices=TYPE_CHOICES, max_length=32, blank=True, null=True)
    contact = models.CharField(max_length=128, blank=True, null=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.company


class Attachment(models.Model):
    file = models.FileField(upload_to='post/img/%Y/%m/%d', blank=True, null=True)
    note = models.CharField(verbose_name='Observação', max_length=256, blank=True, null=True)
    author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.note


class BankAccount(models.Model):
    bank = models.CharField(max_length=64, blank=False, null=True)
    type = models.CharField(max_length=32, blank=False, null=True)
    payment_method = models.CharField(max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)

    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.bank


class Billing(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=256, blank=True, null=True)
    address = models.ForeignKey(Address, null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=256, blank=True, null=True)
    phone = PhoneField(blank=True, null=True)
    contact = models.CharField(max_length=256, blank=True, null=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class Delivery(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=256, blank=True, null=True)
    address = models.ForeignKey(Address, null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=256, blank=True, null=True)
    phone = PhoneField(blank=True, null=True)
    contact = models.CharField(max_length=256, blank=True, null=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

有谁知道处理这个问题的最佳方法是什么？

Answer 1

制作一个 python 文件 forms.py 并为您拥有的所有模型制作模型表单。然后在视图中使用所有表单创建一个函数。然后在 html 文件中使用 jinja2 一起调用不同的表单。这是一个简单的例子：

models.py

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
# Create your models here.

class UserProfileInfo(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete = models.CASCADE)
    Your_website = models.URLField(blank = True)
    profile_pic = models.ImageField(upload_to="profile_pics", blank = True)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.user.username

此模型通过 OneToOneField 连接到 django 用户模型。 然后在 forms.py 中，我为模型创建了所有模型表单。

from django import forms
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from basic.models import UserProfileInfo
from django.core import validators

    class userform(forms.ModelForm):
        password = forms.CharField(widget=forms.PasswordInput())
        re_enter_password = forms.CharField(widget=forms.PasswordInput())
        class Meta():
            model = User
            fields = ("username", "email", "password")
    
    class UserProfileInfoForm(forms.ModelForm):
    
        class Meta():
            model = UserProfileInfo
            fields = ('Your_website', "profile_pic")

然后用两种模型形式制作视图。

def register(request):
    registered = False

    if request.method == 'POST':
        user_form = forms.userform(data = request.POST)
        profile_form = forms.UserProfileInfoForm(data = request.POST)

        if user_form.is_valid() and profile_form.is_valid():

            user = user_form.save()
            user.set_password(user.password)
            user.save()

            profile = profile_form.save(commit=False)
            profile.user = user

            if 'profile_pic' in request.FILES:
                profile.profile_pic = request.FILES['profile_pic']

            profile.save()

            registered = True
        else:
            print(user_form.errors, profile_form.errors)
    else:
        user_form = forms.userform()
        profile_form = forms.UserProfileInfoForm()

在 html 文件中调用这两个表单：

<div class="container">
  <form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" class="all_forms">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {{ user_form.as_p }}
    {{ profile_form.as_p }}
    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Register Now!">
  </form>
</div>

这样您就不必为模型创建多个表单，用户只会被询问一个表单，所有模型都会从一个表单中获得单独的响应。