【发布时间】:2011-01-09 06:41:04
【问题描述】:
我必须做什么才能从方法/类返回迭代器?如何将这种特性添加到一个类中?
【问题讨论】:
我必须做什么才能从方法/类返回迭代器?如何将这种特性添加到一个类中?
【问题讨论】:
您可以扩展Iterator,这需要您实现next 和hasNext 方法:
class MyAnswer extends Iterator[Int] {
def hasNext = true
def next = 42
}
但是,如果您扩展Iterable,您将获得更大的灵活性,这需要您实现elements(或2.8 中的iterator):
class MyAnswer extends Iterable[Int] {
def iterator = new Iterator[Int] {
def hasNext = true
def next = 42
}
}
一个常见的习惯似乎是将迭代器暴露给一些私有集合,像这样:
class MyStooges extends Iterable[String] {
private val stooges = List("Moe", "Larry", "Curly")
def iterator = stooges.iterator
}
【讨论】:
对于方法,只需yield:
def odd(from: Int, to: Int): List[Int] =
for (i <- List.range(from, to) if i % 2 == 1) yield i
【讨论】:
这两个答案得到了下面帖子的帮助,感谢@Dima。
How do I implement an iterator for an existing singly linked list?
why does this iterable implementation produce a stackoverflow?
假设您有一个类链表。并且要求是打印列表中的所有元素。
trait LinkedList {
def nodeValue: Int
def tailList: LinkedList
}
class Node(val nodeValue: Int, val tailList: LinkedList) extends LinkedList
object Nil extends LinkedList {
def nodeValue = throw new IllegalAccessException("head of Nil")
def tailList = throw new IllegalAccessException("tail of Nil")
}
val singleLinkedList = new Node(1,Nil)
val chainedLinkedList = new Node(2,singleLinkedList)
print(chainedLinkedList)
A$A44$A$A44$Node@7b7a2c78res0: Unit = ()
现在让我们为这个类实现迭代器。
trait LinkedList extends Iterator[Int]{
def nodeValue: Int
def tailList: LinkedList
}
class Node(val nodeValue: Int, val tailList: LinkedList) extends LinkedList {
var ptr: LinkedList = this
//The following two are mandatory for extending Iterator
override def hasNext: Boolean = ptr match { case Nil => false; case _=> true}
override def next(): Int = {
val result = ptr.nodeValue
ptr = ptr.tailList
result
}
}
object Nil extends LinkedList {
def nodeValue = throw new IllegalAccessException("head of Nil")
def tailList = throw new IllegalAccessException("tail of Nil")
//The following two are mandatory for extending Iterator
override def hasNext: Boolean = false
override def next(): Int = throw new IllegalAccessException("next of Nil")
}
val singleLinkedList = new Node(1,Nil)
val chainedLinkedList = new Node(2,singleLinkedList)
//Printing this first Time
chainedLinkedList.foreach(println)
//Prints 2 1
//Printing second Time
chainedLinkedList.foreach(println)
//No output
在迭代器实现中,一旦ptr到达末尾,它就不能前进了。可迭代的实现解决了这个问题。
trait LinkedList extends Iterable[Int]{
val nodeValue: Int
val tailList: LinkedList
override def toString(): String = this.mkString(" -> ")
}
class Node(val nodeValue: Int, val tailList: LinkedList) extends LinkedList {
override def iterator: Iterator[Int] = Iterator
.iterate(this: LinkedList)(_.tailList)
.takeWhile(_ != Nil)
.map(_.nodeValue)
}
object Nil extends LinkedList {
lazy val nodeValue= throw new IllegalAccessException("head of Nil")
lazy val tailList = throw new IllegalAccessException("tail of Nil")
override def iterator: Iterator[Int] = Iterator.empty
}
val singleLinkedList = new Node(1,Nil)
val chainedLinkedList = new Node(2,singleLinkedList)
//Printing this first Time
chainedLinkedList.foreach(println)
Output 2 -> 1
chainedLinkedList.foreach(println)
Output 2 -> 1
【讨论】: