自定义用户模型错误

Question

我正在尝试在 Django 中设置我的自定义用户模型。原因是我想使用电子邮件作为用户名，并完全删除用户名字段。我遇到了一个错误，我无法弄清楚。

Manager isn't available; User has been swapped for 'app.MyUser'
Exception Location: .../django/db/models/manager.py in __get__, line 256
Python Version: 2.7.3

Python Path:    
[...project specific files,
'/usr/lib/python2.7',
'/usr/lib/python2.7/plat-linux2',
'/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk',
'/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-old',
'/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload',
'/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages',
'/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages',
'/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/PIL',
'/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtk-2.0',
'/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7',
'/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/wx-2.8-gtk2-unicode']

我疯狂地用谷歌搜索，但没有找到太多关于此错误消息的页面。我找到了一些页面，其中包含有关如何解决它的建议，但没有一个建议对我有用。

我的代码：我设置了自定义用户模型。我已经在 settings.py 中声明了自定义用户模型AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'app.MyUser'。我还设置了一个自定义 UserManager：

class MyUserManager(BaseUserManager):

    def create_user(self, email, password=None):
        """
        Creates and saves a User with the given email. Note that none of the optional fields gets values in the creation. These fields will have to be filled out later on.
        """

        if not email:
            raise ValueError('Users must have an email address')

        user = self.model(email=MyUserManager.normalize_email(email))

        user.set_password(password)
        user.save(using=self._db)
        return user

    def create_superuser(self, email, password=None):
        """
        Creates and saves a superuser with the the above mentioned attributes

        """

        user = self.create_user(email, password=password)
        user.is_admin = True
        user.save(using=self._db)
        return user


class MyUser(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
    """
    Custom made User model. No username, instead email is used as unique field and index
    """

    Genders = (('M', 'Man'), ('K', 'Woman'))    
    FirstName = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    LastName = models.CharField(max_length=40)
    Gender = models.CharField(max_length=2, choices=Genders, default='K')
    email = models.EmailField(verbose_name='email address', max_length=255, unique=True, db_index=True,)
    twitter = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False)


    USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = []

    def get_full_name(self):
        # The user is identified by their email address
        return self.email

    def get_short_name(self):
        # The user is identified by their email address
        return self.email

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.email

    objects = MyUserManager()

我尝试向不同类型的 UserAdmins 声明，但没有任何区别，我尝试的第一个是；

class MyUserAdmin(UserAdmin):
    # The forms to add and change user instances
    #form = UserChangeForm
    #add_form = FrontpageRegistrationForm

    list_display = ('email', 'FirstName', 'LastName', 'Gender', 'twitter')
    list_filter = ()

    add_fieldsets = ((None, {'classes': ('wide',),'fields': ('email', 'password1', 'password2')}),)

    search_fields = ('email',)
    ordering = ('email',)
    filter_horizontal = ()

admin.site.register(MyUser, MyUserAdmin)

我已经注释掉了add_form 和form 这两个属性，因为它们引发了一些我想稍后再讨论的表单错误。

在阅读了可能的修复here 之后，创建了第二个 UserAdmin。但这无济于事。

class MyUserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    # The forms to add and change user instances
    #form = UserChangeForm
    add_form = FrontpageRegistrationForm
    add_fieldsets = ((None, {'classes': ('wide',),'fields': ('email', 'password1', 'password2')}),)

    def get_fieldsets(self, request, obj=None):
        if not obj:
            return self.add_fieldsets
        return super(MyUserAdmin, self).get_fieldsets(request, obj)

    def get_form(self, request, obj=None, **kwargs):
        defaults = {}
        if obj is None:
            defaults.update({'form': self.add_form,'fields': admin.util.flatten_fieldsets(self.add_fieldsets),})

    defaults.update(kwargs)
    return super(MyUserAdmin, self).get_form(request, obj, **defaults)

我也尝试过删除数据库中的所有表，但没有成功。

我会永远感激任何看到这个问题的人。如果有人要解决这个问题，我会尽力说服我的妻子以给我解决方案的阿凡达命名我们的长子，这样我就可以继续过我的生活。

编辑： 我尝试将AUTH_USER_MODEL设置为mainfolder.app.MyUser我确定“主文件夹”在pythonpath上。应用中的 init.py 应该是正确的。新的 settings.py 给出了以下服务器错误； auth.user: AUTH_USER_MODEL is not of the form 'app_label.app_name'.admin.logentry: 'user' has a relation with model smartflightsearch.SFSdb.MyUser, which has either not been installed or is abstract.registration.registrationprofile: 'user' has a relation with model, which has either not been installed or is abstract.一个新线索我不知道怎么解读..

Answer 1

TL;DR：使用以下答案末尾Solution部分的代码。

更长的解释： 你看，从 Django 1.5 开始，将 Django 的 UserAdmin 子类化以能够与之交互是不够的可交换的用户模型：您还需要覆盖相应的表单。

如果您跳转到django.contrib.auth.admin source，您会看到UserAdmin's form 和add_form 具有以下值：

# django/contrib/auth/admin.py
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    ...
    form = UserChangeForm
    add_form = UserCreationForm 

forms in django.contrib.auth.forms 指出不尊重可交换用户模型：

# django/contrib/auth/forms.py
class UserCreationForm(forms.ModelForm):
    ...
    class Meta:
        model = User  # non-swappable User model here.

class UserChangeForm(forms.ModelForm):
    ...
    class Meta:
        model = User  # non-swappable User model here.

解决方案：因此，您应该关注一个已经存在的answer（别忘了投票！）归结为： p>

from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin
from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm, UserChangeForm

class MyUserChangeForm(UserChangeForm):
    class Meta:
        model = get_user_model()

class MyUserCreationForm(UserCreationForm):
    class Meta:
        model = get_user_model()

class MyUserAdmin(UserAdmin):
    form = MyUserChangeForm
    add_form = MyUserCreationForm

admin.site.register(MyUser, MyUserAdmin)

希望这将在 Django 的未来版本中得到修复（这是错误跟踪器中的 corresponding ticket）。

Answer 2

当你说你设置AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'app.MyUser'时，我假设你的应用程序位于MyUser类，有一个结构，perharps，像这样：

在 app/ 目录中：init.py 和 models.py 等等……

所以在 models.py 中你有 MyUser 和 init.py:

from models import MyUser