如何将 FindXFile 风格的 API 包装到 C++ 中的 STL 风格的迭代器模式？

Question

我正在努力将 FindFirstFile/FindNextFile 循环的丑陋内部（尽管我的问题适用于其他类似的 API，例如 RegEnumKeyEx 或 RegEnumValue 等）封装在有效的迭代器中以类似于标准模板库的istream_iterators 的方式。

我有两个问题。第一个是大多数“foreach”样式循环的终止条件。 STL 风格的迭代器通常在 for 的退出条件中使用 operator!=，即

std::vector<int> test;
for(std::vector<int>::iterator it = test.begin(); it != test.end(); it++) {
 //Do stuff
}

我的问题是我不确定如何使用这样的目录枚举来实现operator!=，因为我不知道枚举何时完成，直到我真正完成它。我现在有一种 hack together 解决方案，它可以一次枚举整个目录，其中每个迭代器只是跟踪一个引用计数向量，但这似乎是一个可以做得更好的方法。

我遇到的第二个问题是 FindXFile API 返回了多条数据。因此，没有明显的方法可以按照迭代器语义的要求重载operator*。当我重载该项目时，我是否返回文件名？规模？修改日期？我如何传达这样一个迭代器以后必须以一种意识形态的方式引用的多条数据？我尝试过抄袭 C# 风格 MoveNext 设计，但我担心这里没有遵循标准习语。

class SomeIterator {
public:
 bool next(); //Advances the iterator and returns true if successful, false if the iterator is at the end.
 std::wstring fileName() const;
 //other kinds of data....
};

编辑：调用者看起来像：

SomeIterator x = ??; //Construct somehow
while(x.next()) {
    //Do stuff
}

谢谢！

比利3

EDIT2：我已经修复了一些错误并编写了一些测试。

实施：

#pragma once
#include <queue>
#include <string>
#include <boost/noncopyable.hpp>
#include <boost/make_shared.hpp>
#include <boost/iterator/iterator_facade.hpp>
#include <Windows.h>
#include <Shlwapi.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "shlwapi.lib")
#include "../Exception.hpp"

namespace WindowsAPI { namespace FileSystem {

template <typename Filter_T = AllResults, typename Recurse_T = NonRecursiveEnumeration>
class DirectoryIterator;

//For unit testing
struct RealFindXFileFunctions
{
    static HANDLE FindFirst(LPCWSTR lpFileName, LPWIN32_FIND_DATAW lpFindFileData) {
        return FindFirstFile(lpFileName, lpFindFileData);
    };
    static BOOL FindNext(HANDLE hFindFile, LPWIN32_FIND_DATAW lpFindFileData) {
        return FindNextFile(hFindFile, lpFindFileData);
    };
    static BOOL Close(HANDLE hFindFile) {
        return FindClose(hFindFile);
    };
};

inline std::wstring::const_iterator GetLastSlash(std::wstring const&pathSpec) {
    return std::find(pathSpec.rbegin(), pathSpec.rend(), L'\\').base();
}

class Win32FindData {
    WIN32_FIND_DATA internalData;
    std::wstring rootPath;
public:
    Win32FindData(const std::wstring& root, const WIN32_FIND_DATA& data) :
        rootPath(root), internalData(data) {};
    DWORD GetAttributes() const {
        return internalData.dwFileAttributes;
    };
    bool IsDirectory() const {
        return (internalData.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) != 0;
    };
    bool IsFile() const {
        return !IsDirectory();
    };
    unsigned __int64 GetSize() const {
        ULARGE_INTEGER intValue;
        intValue.LowPart = internalData.nFileSizeLow;
        intValue.HighPart = internalData.nFileSizeHigh;
        return intValue.QuadPart;
    };
    std::wstring GetFolderPath() const {
        return rootPath;
    };
    std::wstring GetFileName() const {
        return internalData.cFileName;
    };
    std::wstring GetFullFileName() const {
        return rootPath + L"\\" + internalData.cFileName;
    };
    std::wstring GetShortFileName() const {
        return internalData.cAlternateFileName;
    };
    FILETIME GetCreationTime() const {
        return internalData.ftCreationTime;
    };
    FILETIME GetLastAccessTime() const {
        return internalData.ftLastAccessTime;
    };
    FILETIME GetLastWriteTime() const {
        return internalData.ftLastWriteTime;
    };
};

template <typename FindXFileFunctions_T>
class BasicNonRecursiveEnumeration : public boost::noncopyable
{
    WIN32_FIND_DATAW currentData;
    HANDLE hFind;
    std::wstring currentDirectory;
    void IncrementCurrentDirectory() {
        if (hFind == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) return;
        BOOL success =
            FindXFileFunctions_T::FindNext(hFind, &currentData);
        if (success)
            return;
        DWORD error = GetLastError();
        if (error == ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES) {
            FindXFileFunctions_T::Close(hFind);
            hFind = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
        } else {
            WindowsApiException::Throw(error);
        }
    };
    bool IsValidDotDirectory()
    {
        return !Valid() &&
            (!wcscmp(currentData.cFileName, L".") || !wcscmp(currentData.cFileName, L".."));
    };
    void IncrementPastDotDirectories() {
        while (IsValidDotDirectory()) {
            IncrementCurrentDirectory();
        }
    };
    void PerformFindFirstFile(std::wstring const&pathSpec)
    {
        hFind = FindXFileFunctions_T::FindFirst(pathSpec.c_str(), &currentData);
        if (Valid()
            && GetLastError() != ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND
            && GetLastError() != ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND)
            WindowsApiException::ThrowFromLastError();
    };
public:
    BasicNonRecursiveEnumeration() : hFind(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {};
    BasicNonRecursiveEnumeration(const std::wstring& pathSpec) :
        hFind(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
        std::wstring::const_iterator lastSlash = GetLastSlash(pathSpec);
        if (lastSlash != pathSpec.begin())
            currentDirectory.assign(pathSpec.begin(), lastSlash-1);
        PerformFindFirstFile(pathSpec);
        IncrementPastDotDirectories();
    };
    bool equal(const BasicNonRecursiveEnumeration<FindXFileFunctions_T>& other) const {
        if (this == &other)
            return true;
        return hFind == other.hFind;
    };
    Win32FindData dereference() {
        return Win32FindData(currentDirectory, currentData);
    };
    void increment() {
        IncrementCurrentDirectory();
    };
    bool Valid() {
        return hFind == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
    };
    virtual ~BasicNonRecursiveEnumeration() {
        if (!Valid())
            FindXFileFunctions_T::Close(hFind);
    };
};

typedef BasicNonRecursiveEnumeration<RealFindXFileFunctions> NonRecursiveEnumeration;

template <typename FindXFileFunctions_T>
class BasicRecursiveEnumeration : public boost::noncopyable
{
    std::wstring fileSpec;
    std::deque<std::deque<Win32FindData> > enumeratedData;
    void EnumerateDirectory(const std::wstring& nextPathSpec) {
        std::deque<Win32FindData> newDeck;
        BasicNonRecursiveEnumeration<FindXFileFunctions_T> begin(nextPathSpec), end;
        for(; !begin.equal(end); begin.increment()) {
            newDeck.push_back(begin.dereference()); 
        }
        if (!newDeck.empty()) {
            enumeratedData.push_back(std::deque<Win32FindData>()); //Swaptimization
            enumeratedData.back().swap(newDeck);
        }
    };
    void PerformIncrement() {
        if (enumeratedData.empty()) return;
        if (enumeratedData.back().front().IsDirectory()) {
            std::wstring nextSpec(enumeratedData.back().front().GetFullFileName());
            nextSpec.append(L"\\*");
            enumeratedData.back().pop_front();
            EnumerateDirectory(nextSpec);
        } else {
            enumeratedData.back().pop_front();
        }
        while (Valid() && enumeratedData.back().empty())
            enumeratedData.pop_back();
    }
    bool CurrentPositionNoMatchFileSpec() const
    {
        return !enumeratedData.empty() && !PathMatchSpecW(enumeratedData.back().front().GetFileName().c_str(), fileSpec.c_str());
    }
public:
    BasicRecursiveEnumeration() {};
    BasicRecursiveEnumeration(const std::wstring& pathSpec) {
        std::wstring::const_iterator lastSlash = GetLastSlash(pathSpec);
        if (lastSlash == pathSpec.begin()) {
            fileSpec = pathSpec;
            EnumerateDirectory(L"*");
        } else {
            fileSpec.assign(lastSlash, pathSpec.end());
            std::wstring firstQuery(pathSpec.begin(), lastSlash);
            firstQuery.push_back(L'*');
            EnumerateDirectory(firstQuery);
            while (CurrentPositionNoMatchFileSpec())
                PerformIncrement();
        }
    };
    void increment() {
        do
        {
            PerformIncrement();
        } while (CurrentPositionNoMatchFileSpec());
    };
    bool equal(const BasicRecursiveEnumeration<FindXFileFunctions_T>& other) const {
        if (!Valid())
            return !other.Valid();
        if (!other.Valid())
            return false;
        return this == &other;
    };
    Win32FindData dereference() const {
        return enumeratedData.back().front();
    };
    bool Valid() const {
        return !enumeratedData.empty();
    };
};

typedef BasicRecursiveEnumeration<RealFindXFileFunctions> RecursiveEnumeration;

struct AllResults
{
    bool operator()(const Win32FindData&) {
        return true;
    };
}; 

struct FilesOnly
{
    bool operator()(const Win32FindData& arg) {
        return arg.IsFile();
    };
};

template <typename Filter_T, typename Recurse_T>
class DirectoryIterator : 
    public boost::iterator_facade<
        DirectoryIterator<Filter_T, Recurse_T>,
        Win32FindData,
        std::input_iterator_tag,
        Win32FindData
    >
{
    friend class boost::iterator_core_access;
    boost::shared_ptr<Recurse_T> impl;
    Filter_T filter;
    void increment() {
        do {
            impl->increment();
        } while (impl->Valid() && !filter(impl->dereference()));
    };
    bool equal(const DirectoryIterator& other) const {
        return impl->equal(*other.impl);
    };
    Win32FindData dereference() const {
        return impl->dereference();
    };
public:
    DirectoryIterator(Filter_T functor = Filter_T()) :
        impl(boost::make_shared<Recurse_T>()),
        filter(functor) {
    };
    explicit DirectoryIterator(const std::wstring& pathSpec, Filter_T functor = Filter_T()) :
        impl(boost::make_shared<Recurse_T>(pathSpec)),
        filter(functor) {
    };
};

}}

测试：

#include <queue>
#include "../WideCharacterOutput.hpp"
#include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
#include "../../WindowsAPI++/FileSystem/Enumerator.hpp"
using namespace WindowsAPI::FileSystem;


struct SimpleFakeFindXFileFunctions
{
    static std::deque<WIN32_FIND_DATAW> fakeData;
    static std::wstring insertedFileName;

    static HANDLE FindFirst(LPCWSTR lpFileName, LPWIN32_FIND_DATAW lpFindFileData) {
        insertedFileName.assign(lpFileName);
        if (fakeData.empty()) {
            SetLastError(ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND);
            return INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
        }
        *lpFindFileData = fakeData.front();
        fakeData.pop_front();
        return reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(42);
    };
    static BOOL FindNext(HANDLE hFindFile, LPWIN32_FIND_DATAW lpFindFileData) {
        BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(42), hFindFile);
        if (fakeData.empty()) {
            SetLastError(ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES);
            return 0;
        }
        *lpFindFileData = fakeData.front();
        fakeData.pop_front();
        return 1;
    };
    static BOOL Close(HANDLE hFindFile) {
        BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(42), hFindFile);
        return 1;
    };

};

std::deque<WIN32_FIND_DATAW> SimpleFakeFindXFileFunctions::fakeData;
std::wstring SimpleFakeFindXFileFunctions::insertedFileName;

struct ErroneousFindXFileFunctionFirst
{
    static HANDLE FindFirst(LPCWSTR, LPWIN32_FIND_DATAW) {
        SetLastError(ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED);
        return INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
    };
    static BOOL FindNext(HANDLE hFindFile, LPWIN32_FIND_DATAW) {
        BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(42), hFindFile);
        return 1;
    };
    static BOOL Close(HANDLE hFindFile) {
        BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(42), hFindFile);
        return 1;
    };
};

struct ErroneousFindXFileFunctionNext
{
    static HANDLE FindFirst(LPCWSTR, LPWIN32_FIND_DATAW) {
        return reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(42);
    };
    static  BOOL FindNext(HANDLE hFindFile, LPWIN32_FIND_DATAW) {
        BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(42), hFindFile);
        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
        return 0;
    };
    static BOOL Close(HANDLE hFindFile) {
        BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(42), hFindFile);
        return 1;
    };
};

struct DirectoryIteratorTestsFixture
{
    typedef SimpleFakeFindXFileFunctions fakeFunctor;
    DirectoryIteratorTestsFixture() {
        WIN32_FIND_DATAW test;
        wcscpy_s(test.cFileName, L".");
        wcscpy_s(test.cAlternateFileName, L".");
        test.dwFileAttributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY;
        GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&test.ftCreationTime);
        test.ftLastWriteTime = test.ftCreationTime;
        test.ftLastAccessTime = test.ftCreationTime;
        test.nFileSizeHigh = 0;
        test.nFileSizeLow = 0;
        fakeFunctor::fakeData.push_back(test);

        wcscpy_s(test.cFileName, L"..");
        wcscpy_s(test.cAlternateFileName, L"..");
        fakeFunctor::fakeData.push_back(test);

        wcscpy_s(test.cFileName, L"File.txt");
        wcscpy_s(test.cAlternateFileName, L"FILE.TXT");
        test.nFileSizeLow = 1024;
        test.dwFileAttributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL;
        fakeFunctor::fakeData.push_back(test);

        wcscpy_s(test.cFileName, L"System32");
        wcscpy_s(test.cAlternateFileName, L"SYSTEM32");
        test.nFileSizeLow = 0;
        test.dwFileAttributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY;
        fakeFunctor::fakeData.push_back(test);
    };
    ~DirectoryIteratorTestsFixture() {
        fakeFunctor::fakeData.clear();
    };
};

BOOST_FIXTURE_TEST_SUITE( DirectoryIteratorTests, DirectoryIteratorTestsFixture )

template<typename fakeFunctor>
static void NonRecursiveIteratorAssertions()
{
    typedef DirectoryIterator<AllResults
        ,BasicNonRecursiveEnumeration<SimpleFakeFindXFileFunctions> > testType;
    testType begin(L"C:\\Windows\\*");
    testType end;
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(fakeFunctor::insertedFileName, L"C:\\Windows\\*");
    BOOST_CHECK(begin->GetFolderPath() == L"C:\\Windows");
    BOOST_CHECK(begin->GetFileName() == L"File.txt");
    BOOST_CHECK(begin->GetFullFileName() == L"C:\\Windows\\File.txt");
    BOOST_CHECK(begin->GetShortFileName() == L"FILE.TXT");
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetSize(), 1024);
    BOOST_CHECK(begin->IsFile());
    BOOST_CHECK(begin != end);
    begin++;
    BOOST_CHECK(begin->GetFileName() == L"System32");
    BOOST_CHECK(begin->GetFullFileName() == L"C:\\Windows\\System32");
    BOOST_CHECK(begin->GetShortFileName() == L"SYSTEM32");
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetSize(), 0);
    BOOST_CHECK(begin->IsDirectory());
    begin++;
    BOOST_CHECK(begin == end);
}

BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( BasicEnumeration )
{
    NonRecursiveIteratorAssertions<fakeFunctor>();
}

BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( NoRootDirectories )
{
    fakeFunctor::fakeData.pop_front();
    fakeFunctor::fakeData.pop_front();
    NonRecursiveIteratorAssertions<fakeFunctor>();
}

static void EmptyIteratorAssertions() {
    typedef DirectoryIterator<AllResults
        ,BasicNonRecursiveEnumeration<SimpleFakeFindXFileFunctions> > testType;
    testType begin(L"C:\\Windows\\*");
    testType end;
    BOOST_CHECK(begin == end);
}

BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( Empty1 )
{
    fakeFunctor::fakeData.clear();
    EmptyIteratorAssertions();
}

BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( Empty2 )
{
    fakeFunctor::fakeData.erase(fakeFunctor::fakeData.begin() + 2, fakeFunctor::fakeData.end());
    EmptyIteratorAssertions();
}

BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( CorrectDestruction )
{
    typedef DirectoryIterator<AllResults
        ,BasicNonRecursiveEnumeration<SimpleFakeFindXFileFunctions> > testType;
    testType begin(L"C:\\Windows\\*");
    testType end;
}

BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( Exceptions )
{
    typedef DirectoryIterator<AllResults,BasicNonRecursiveEnumeration<ErroneousFindXFileFunctionFirst> >
        firstFailType;
    BOOST_CHECK_THROW(firstFailType(L"C:\\Windows\\*"), WindowsAPI::ErrorAccessDeniedException);
    typedef DirectoryIterator<AllResults,BasicNonRecursiveEnumeration<ErroneousFindXFileFunctionNext> >
        nextFailType;
    nextFailType constructedOkay(L"C:\\Windows\\*");
    BOOST_CHECK_THROW(constructedOkay++, WindowsAPI::ErrorInvalidParameterException);
}

BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END()

struct RecursiveFakeFindXFileFunctions
{
    static std::deque<std::pair<std::deque<WIN32_FIND_DATA> , std::wstring> >  fakeData;
    static std::size_t openHandles;
    static HANDLE FindFirst(LPCWSTR lpFileName, LPWIN32_FIND_DATAW lpFindFileData) {
        BOOST_REQUIRE(!fakeData.empty());
        BOOST_REQUIRE_EQUAL(lpFileName, fakeData.front().second);
        openHandles++;
        BOOST_REQUIRE_EQUAL(openHandles, 1);
        if (fakeData.front().first.empty()) {
            openHandles--;
            SetLastError(ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND);
            return INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
        }
        *lpFindFileData = fakeData.front().first.front();
        fakeData.front().first.pop_front();
        return reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(42);
    };
    static BOOL FindNext(HANDLE hFindFile, LPWIN32_FIND_DATAW lpFindFileData) {
        BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(42), hFindFile);
        if (fakeData.front().first.empty()) {
            SetLastError(ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES);
            return 0;
        }
        *lpFindFileData = fakeData.front().first.front();
        fakeData.front().first.pop_front();
        return 1;
    };
    static BOOL Close(HANDLE hFindFile) {
        BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(42), hFindFile);
        openHandles--;
        BOOST_REQUIRE_EQUAL(openHandles, 0);
        fakeData.pop_front();
        return 1;
    };
};

std::deque<std::pair<std::deque<WIN32_FIND_DATA> , std::wstring> > RecursiveFakeFindXFileFunctions::fakeData;
std::size_t RecursiveFakeFindXFileFunctions::openHandles;

struct RecursiveDirectoryFixture
{
    RecursiveDirectoryFixture() {
        WIN32_FIND_DATAW tempData;
        ZeroMemory(&tempData, sizeof(tempData));
        std::deque<WIN32_FIND_DATAW> dequeData;

        wcscpy_s(tempData.cFileName, L".");
        wcscpy_s(tempData.cAlternateFileName, L".");
        tempData.dwFileAttributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY;
        GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&tempData.ftCreationTime);
        tempData.ftLastWriteTime = tempData.ftCreationTime;
        tempData.ftLastAccessTime = tempData.ftCreationTime;
        dequeData.push_back(tempData);

        wcscpy_s(tempData.cFileName, L"..");
        wcscpy_s(tempData.cAlternateFileName, L"..");
        dequeData.push_back(tempData);

        wcscpy_s(tempData.cFileName, L"MySubDirectory");
        wcscpy_s(tempData.cAlternateFileName, L"MYSUBD~1");
        dequeData.push_back(tempData);

        wcscpy_s(tempData.cFileName, L"MyFile.txt");
        wcscpy_s(tempData.cAlternateFileName, L"MYFILE.TXT");
        tempData.nFileSizeLow = 500;
        tempData.dwFileAttributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL;
        dequeData.push_back(tempData);

        RecursiveFakeFindXFileFunctions::fakeData.push_back
            (std::make_pair(dequeData, L"C:\\Windows\\*"));

        dequeData.clear();

        wcscpy_s(tempData.cFileName, L".");
        wcscpy_s(tempData.cAlternateFileName, L".");
        tempData.dwFileAttributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY;
        GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&tempData.ftCreationTime);
        tempData.ftLastWriteTime = tempData.ftCreationTime;
        tempData.ftLastAccessTime = tempData.ftCreationTime;
        dequeData.push_back(tempData);

        wcscpy_s(tempData.cFileName, L"..");
        wcscpy_s(tempData.cAlternateFileName, L"..");
        dequeData.push_back(tempData);

        wcscpy_s(tempData.cFileName, L"MyFile2.txt");
        wcscpy_s(tempData.cAlternateFileName, L"NYFILE2.TXT");
        tempData.nFileSizeLow = 1024;
        tempData.dwFileAttributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL;
        dequeData.push_back(tempData);

        RecursiveFakeFindXFileFunctions::fakeData.push_back
            (std::make_pair(dequeData, L"C:\\Windows\\MySubDirectory\\*"));
    };
    ~RecursiveDirectoryFixture() {
        RecursiveFakeFindXFileFunctions::fakeData.clear();
    };
};

BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE( RecursiveDirectoryIteratorTests )

BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( BasicEnumerationTxt )
{
    RecursiveDirectoryFixture DataFixture;
    typedef DirectoryIterator<AllResults
        ,BasicRecursiveEnumeration<RecursiveFakeFindXFileFunctions> > testType;
    testType begin(L"C:\\Windows\\*.txt");
    testType end;

    BOOST_CHECK(begin->IsFile());
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetSize(), 1024);
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetFolderPath(), L"C:\\Windows\\MySubDirectory");
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetFileName(), L"MyFile2.txt");
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetFullFileName(), L"C:\\Windows\\MySubDirectory\\MyFile2.txt");
    BOOST_CHECK(begin != end);

    begin++;

    BOOST_CHECK(begin->IsFile());
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetSize(), 500);
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetFolderPath(), L"C:\\Windows");
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetFileName(), L"MyFile.txt");
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetFullFileName(), L"C:\\Windows\\MyFile.txt");
    BOOST_CHECK(begin != end);

    begin++;

    BOOST_CHECK(begin == end);
}

BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( BasicEnumerationAll )
{
    RecursiveDirectoryFixture DataFixture;
    typedef DirectoryIterator<AllResults
        ,BasicRecursiveEnumeration<RecursiveFakeFindXFileFunctions> > testType;
    testType begin(L"C:\\Windows\\*");
    testType end;

    BOOST_CHECK(begin->IsDirectory());
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetSize(), 0);
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetFolderPath(), L"C:\\Windows");
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetFileName(), L"MySubDirectory");
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetFullFileName(), L"C:\\Windows\\MySubDirectory");
    BOOST_CHECK(begin != end);

    begin++;

    BOOST_CHECK(begin->IsFile());
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetSize(), 1024);
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetFolderPath(), L"C:\\Windows\\MySubDirectory");
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetFileName(), L"MyFile2.txt");
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetFullFileName(), L"C:\\Windows\\MySubDirectory\\MyFile2.txt");
    BOOST_CHECK(begin != end);

    begin++;

    BOOST_CHECK(begin->IsFile());
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetSize(), 500);
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetFolderPath(), L"C:\\Windows");
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetFileName(), L"MyFile.txt");
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetFullFileName(), L"C:\\Windows\\MyFile.txt");
    BOOST_CHECK(begin != end);

    begin++;

    BOOST_CHECK(begin == end);
}

BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( RecursionOrderMaintained )
{
    WIN32_FIND_DATAW tempData;
    ZeroMemory(&tempData, sizeof(tempData));
    std::deque<WIN32_FIND_DATAW> dequeData;

    wcscpy_s(tempData.cFileName, L".");
    wcscpy_s(tempData.cAlternateFileName, L".");
    tempData.dwFileAttributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY;
    GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&tempData.ftCreationTime);
    tempData.ftLastWriteTime = tempData.ftCreationTime;
    tempData.ftLastAccessTime = tempData.ftCreationTime;
    dequeData.push_back(tempData);

    wcscpy_s(tempData.cFileName, L"..");
    wcscpy_s(tempData.cAlternateFileName, L"..");
    dequeData.push_back(tempData);

    wcscpy_s(tempData.cFileName, L"MySubDirectory");
    wcscpy_s(tempData.cAlternateFileName, L"MYSUBD~1");
    dequeData.push_back(tempData);

    wcscpy_s(tempData.cFileName, L"MyFile.txt");
    wcscpy_s(tempData.cAlternateFileName, L"MYFILE.TXT");
    tempData.nFileSizeLow = 500;
    tempData.dwFileAttributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL;
    dequeData.push_back(tempData);

    wcscpy_s(tempData.cFileName, L"Zach");
    wcscpy_s(tempData.cAlternateFileName, L"ZACH");
    tempData.dwFileAttributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY;
    tempData.nFileSizeLow = 0;
    dequeData.push_back(tempData);

    RecursiveFakeFindXFileFunctions::fakeData.push_back
        (std::make_pair(dequeData, L"C:\\Windows\\*"));

    dequeData.clear();

    wcscpy_s(tempData.cFileName, L".");
    wcscpy_s(tempData.cAlternateFileName, L".");
    tempData.dwFileAttributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY;
    GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&tempData.ftCreationTime);
    tempData.ftLastWriteTime = tempData.ftCreationTime;
    tempData.ftLastAccessTime = tempData.ftCreationTime;
    dequeData.push_back(tempData);

    wcscpy_s(tempData.cFileName, L"..");
    wcscpy_s(tempData.cAlternateFileName, L"..");
    dequeData.push_back(tempData);

    wcscpy_s(tempData.cFileName, L"MyFile2.txt");
    wcscpy_s(tempData.cAlternateFileName, L"NYFILE2.TXT");
    tempData.nFileSizeLow = 1024;
    tempData.dwFileAttributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL;
    dequeData.push_back(tempData);

    RecursiveFakeFindXFileFunctions::fakeData.push_back
        (std::make_pair(dequeData, L"C:\\Windows\\MySubDirectory\\*"));

    dequeData.clear();
    wcscpy_s(tempData.cFileName, L".");
    wcscpy_s(tempData.cAlternateFileName, L".");
    tempData.dwFileAttributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY;
    GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&tempData.ftCreationTime);
    tempData.ftLastWriteTime = tempData.ftCreationTime;
    tempData.ftLastAccessTime = tempData.ftCreationTime;
    dequeData.push_back(tempData);

    wcscpy_s(tempData.cFileName, L"..");
    wcscpy_s(tempData.cAlternateFileName, L"..");
    dequeData.push_back(tempData);

    wcscpy_s(tempData.cFileName, L"ZachFile.txt");
    wcscpy_s(tempData.cAlternateFileName, L"ZACHFILE.TXT");
    tempData.nFileSizeLow = 1024;
    tempData.dwFileAttributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL;
    dequeData.push_back(tempData);

    RecursiveFakeFindXFileFunctions::fakeData.push_back
        (std::make_pair(dequeData, L"C:\\Windows\\Zach\\*"));

    typedef DirectoryIterator<AllResults
        ,BasicRecursiveEnumeration<RecursiveFakeFindXFileFunctions> > testType;
    testType begin(L"C:\\Windows\\*");
    testType end;

    BOOST_CHECK(begin->IsDirectory());
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetSize(), 0);
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetFolderPath(), L"C:\\Windows");
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetFileName(), L"MySubDirectory");
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetFullFileName(), L"C:\\Windows\\MySubDirectory");
    BOOST_CHECK(begin != end);

    begin++;

    BOOST_CHECK(begin->IsFile());
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetSize(), 1024);
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetFolderPath(), L"C:\\Windows\\MySubDirectory");
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetFileName(), L"MyFile2.txt");
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetFullFileName(), L"C:\\Windows\\MySubDirectory\\MyFile2.txt");
    BOOST_CHECK(begin != end);

    begin++;

    BOOST_CHECK(begin->IsFile());
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetSize(), 500);
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetFolderPath(), L"C:\\Windows");
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetFileName(), L"MyFile.txt");
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetFullFileName(), L"C:\\Windows\\MyFile.txt");
    BOOST_CHECK(begin != end);

    begin++;

    BOOST_CHECK(begin->IsDirectory());
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetSize(), 0);
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetFolderPath(), L"C:\\Windows");
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetFileName(), L"Zach");
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetFullFileName(), L"C:\\Windows\\Zach");
    BOOST_CHECK(begin != end);

    begin++;

    BOOST_CHECK(begin->IsFile());
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetSize(), 1024);
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetFolderPath(), L"C:\\Windows\\Zach");
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetFileName(), L"ZachFile.txt");
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(begin->GetFullFileName(), L"C:\\Windows\\Zach\\ZachFile.txt");
    BOOST_CHECK(begin != end);

    begin++;

    BOOST_CHECK(begin == end);
}

BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( Exceptions )
{
    typedef DirectoryIterator<AllResults,BasicRecursiveEnumeration<ErroneousFindXFileFunctionFirst> >
        firstFailType;
    BOOST_CHECK_THROW(firstFailType(L"C:\\Windows\\*"), WindowsAPI::ErrorAccessDeniedException);
    typedef DirectoryIterator<AllResults,BasicRecursiveEnumeration<ErroneousFindXFileFunctionNext> >
        nextFailType;
    BOOST_CHECK_THROW(nextFailType(L"C:\\Windows\\*"), WindowsAPI::ErrorInvalidParameterException);
}

BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END()

Answer 1

Boost.Filesystem 具有独立于平台的 STL，例如迭代器。请注意，如果文件不可访问，迭代器可能会抛出异常。

示例（可以使用 count_if 和 lambda 进行拉皮条）：

namespace fs = boost::filesystem;

size_t nTotal = 0; 

try
{
   const fs::path pth("c:\\temp");

   //default construction yields past-the-end
   fs::recursive_directory_iterator itEnd;

   for (fs::recursive_directory_iterator it(pth); it != itEnd; ++it)
   {
      const fs::directory_entry& rEntry = *it;

      if (fs::is_regular_file(rEntry))
      {
         nTotal += fs::file_size(rEntry);
      }
   }
}
catch (const fs::filesystem_error& re)
{
   //when directoy or file is not found
}

Answer 2

试试 recls 库，discussed here。 （这是also available for .NET，fwiw。）

Answer 3

除非您这样做是为了学习，否则我的回答是：不要，已经完成了。 STLSoft 库包含 winstl::basic_findfile_sequence 类模板，可处理搜索 Windows 目录的大多数/所有用例，包括通配符、多部分模式（例如“.xls|.doc”）、重解析点， 和更多。它在Matthew Wilson 关于 STL 扩展的深入论文“扩展 STL，第 1 卷：集合和迭代器”中有详细记录。这本书是一本重要的读物，但它包含了所有关于编写 STL 扩展您想知道（以及许多您可能不知道）的事情。

如果您需要递归搜索，请考虑recls 库（Wilson 的另一个），它还通过 recls::search_sequence 类提供 STL 接口。请参阅 here 以获取来自 a recent article about it 的大量示例。

Answer 4

有趣的是，前段时间我也有同样的想法。这是我写的：

#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#include <windows.h>
#include <string>
#include <iterator>
#include <exception>

#ifndef DIR_ITERATOR_H_INC
#define DIR_ITERATOR_H_INC

class dir_iterator

#if (!defined(_MSC_VER)) || (_MSC_VER > 1200)
    : public std::iterator<std::input_iterator_tag, 
                            std::string, 
                            int, 
                            std::string *, 
                            std::string &> 
#endif
{ 
    mutable HANDLE it;
    std::string mask;
    std::string path;
    WIN32_FIND_DATA data;
    bool done;
    DWORD require;
    DWORD prohibit;
public:
    WIN32_FIND_DATA operator*() { 
        return data;
    }

dir_iterator(dir_iterator const &other) :
    it(other.it),
    mask(other.mask),
    path(other.path),
    data(other.data),
    done(other.done),
    require(other.require),
    prohibit(other.prohibit)
{
    // Transfer the handle instead of just copying it.
    other.it=INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
}

    dir_iterator(std::string const &s, 
        DWORD must = 0,
        DWORD cant = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
        : mask(s),
        require(must),
        prohibit(cant & ~must),
        done(false),
        it(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) // To fix bug spotted by Billy ONeal.
    { 
        int pos;
        if (std::string::npos != (pos=mask.find_last_of("\\/"))) 
            path = std::string(mask, 0, pos+1);

        it = FindFirstFile(mask.c_str(), &data);
        if (it == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
            throw std::invalid_argument("Directory Inaccessible");

        while (!(((data.dwFileAttributes & require) == require) &&
                ((data.dwFileAttributes & prohibit) ==  0)))
        {
            if (done = (FindNextFile(it, &data)==0))
                break;
        }
    }

    dir_iterator() : done(true) {}

    dir_iterator &operator++() {
        do { 
            if (done = (FindNextFile(it, &data)==0))
                break;
        } while (!(((data.dwFileAttributes & require) == require) &&
            (data.dwFileAttributes & prohibit) == 0));

        return *this;
    }

    bool operator!=(dir_iterator const &other) { 
        return done != other.done;
    }
    bool operator==(dir_iterator const &other) { 
        return done == other.done;
    }

    ~dir_iterator() { 
        // The rest of the bug fix -- only close handle if it's open.
        if (it!=INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
            FindClose(it);
    }
};

#endif

并快速演示一下：

#include "dir_iterator.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>

namespace std { 
    std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, WIN32_FIND_DATA const &d) { 
        return os << d.cFileName;
    }
}

int main() { 
    std::copy(dir_iterator("*"), dir_iterator(), 
        std::ostream_iterator<WIN32_FIND_DATA>(std::cout, "\n"));

    std::cout << "\nDirectories:\n";
    std::copy(dir_iterator("*", FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY), dir_iterator(), 
        std::ostream_iterator<WIN32_FIND_DATA>(std::cout, "\n"));

    return 0;
}

Answer 5

Matthew Wilson 撰写了几篇关于将目录枚举应用于 STL 迭代器的文章。不幸的是，直接讨论 Windows API 的文章似乎不再在线了。但是，我想他在其他一些文章中讨论的想法可能仍然非常相关，并且他还提供了一个带有 Windows 实现的开源库（WinSTL - http://winstl.org/）。

• Wild-card Searches of UNIX Directories with Random-Access Iterators
• Reading UNIX Directories via STL-compliant Sequences

另外，我确信Boost::Filesystem source and documentation 是一个很好的创意来源。

Answer 6

要解决第一个问题，您可以让end() 返回一些标记值，然后在迭代器的增量函数中，将迭代器设置为等于到达容器末尾时的标记值。这实际上是 Boost.Filesystem 中的目录迭代器所做的。

对于第二个问题，我对FindXFile API 并不完全熟悉，但一种选择是返回一些包含您需要的所有数据或具有成员函数来获取每条数据的结构你可能想要。