我有一个UITextView，它显示一个NSAttributedString。该字符串包含我希望使其可点击的单词，这样当他们被点击时，我会被回调，以便我可以执行操作。我意识到UITextView 可以检测到对 URL 的点击并回调我的代理，但这些不是 URL。
在我看来，借助 iOS 7 和 TextKit 的强大功能，这现在应该是可能的，但是我找不到任何示例，我不知道从哪里开始。
我知道现在可以在字符串中创建自定义属性（尽管我还没有这样做），也许这些对于检测是否已点击某个魔术词很有用？无论如何，我仍然不知道如何拦截该点击并检测点击发生在哪个单词上。
请注意，不需要兼容 iOS 6。
【问题讨论】：
标签： ios objective-c uitextview textkit
我只是想多帮助别人一点。根据 Shmidt 的回答，可以完全按照我在原始问题中的要求进行操作。
1) 创建一个属性字符串，并将自定义属性应用于可点击的单词。例如。
NSAttributedString* attributedString = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@"a clickable word" attributes:@{ @"myCustomTag" : @(YES) }];
[paragraph appendAttributedString:attributedString];
2) 创建一个 UITextView 来显示该字符串，并向其中添加一个 UITapGestureRecognizer。然后处理水龙头：
- (void)textTapped:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)recognizer
{
UITextView *textView = (UITextView *)recognizer.view;
// Location of the tap in text-container coordinates
NSLayoutManager *layoutManager = textView.layoutManager;
CGPoint location = [recognizer locationInView:textView];
location.x -= textView.textContainerInset.left;
location.y -= textView.textContainerInset.top;
// Find the character that's been tapped on
NSUInteger characterIndex;
characterIndex = [layoutManager characterIndexForPoint:location
inTextContainer:textView.textContainer
fractionOfDistanceBetweenInsertionPoints:NULL];
if (characterIndex < textView.textStorage.length) {
NSRange range;
id value = [textView.attributedText attribute:@"myCustomTag" atIndex:characterIndex effectiveRange:&range];
// Handle as required...
NSLog(@"%@, %d, %d", value, range.location, range.length);
}
}
知道怎么做就这么简单！
【讨论】：
有时对于初学者来说，知道如何进行设置有点困难（反正对我来说是这样），所以这个例子更完整一些。
UITextView 添加到您的项目中。使用名为textView 的插座将UITextView 连接到ViewController。
我们将通过创建Extension 来创建自定义属性。
注意：此步骤在技术上是可选的，但如果您不这样做，则需要在下一部分中编辑代码以使用标准属性，如
NSAttributedString.Key.foregroundColor。使用自定义属性的优点是您可以定义要在属性文本范围中存储的值。
使用 File > New > File... > iOS > Source > Swift File 添加一个新的 swift 文件。你可以随心所欲地称呼它。我打电话给我的NSAttributedStringKey+CustomAttribute.swift。
粘贴以下代码：
import Foundation
extension NSAttributedString.Key {
static let myAttributeName = NSAttributedString.Key(rawValue: "MyCustomAttribute")
}
将 ViewController.swift 中的代码替换为以下内容。注意UIGestureRecognizerDelegate。
import UIKit
class ViewController: UIViewController, UIGestureRecognizerDelegate {
@IBOutlet weak var textView: UITextView!
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
// Create an attributed string
let myString = NSMutableAttributedString(string: "Swift attributed text")
// Set an attribute on part of the string
let myRange = NSRange(location: 0, length: 5) // range of "Swift"
let myCustomAttribute = [ NSAttributedString.Key.myAttributeName: "some value"]
myString.addAttributes(myCustomAttribute, range: myRange)
textView.attributedText = myString
// Add tap gesture recognizer to Text View
let tap = UITapGestureRecognizer(target: self, action: #selector(myMethodToHandleTap(_:)))
tap.delegate = self
textView.addGestureRecognizer(tap)
}
@objc func myMethodToHandleTap(_ sender: UITapGestureRecognizer) {
let myTextView = sender.view as! UITextView
let layoutManager = myTextView.layoutManager
// location of tap in myTextView coordinates and taking the inset into account
var location = sender.location(in: myTextView)
location.x -= myTextView.textContainerInset.left;
location.y -= myTextView.textContainerInset.top;
// character index at tap location
let characterIndex = layoutManager.characterIndex(for: location, in: myTextView.textContainer, fractionOfDistanceBetweenInsertionPoints: nil)
// if index is valid then do something.
if characterIndex < myTextView.textStorage.length {
// print the character index
print("character index: \(characterIndex)")
// print the character at the index
let myRange = NSRange(location: characterIndex, length: 1)
let substring = (myTextView.attributedText.string as NSString).substring(with: myRange)
print("character at index: \(substring)")
// check if the tap location has a certain attribute
let attributeName = NSAttributedString.Key.myAttributeName
let attributeValue = myTextView.attributedText?.attribute(attributeName, at: characterIndex, effectiveRange: nil)
if let value = attributeValue {
print("You tapped on \(attributeName.rawValue) and the value is: \(value)")
}
}
}
}
现在如果你点击“Swift”的“w”，你应该会得到以下结果：
character index: 1
character at index: w
You tapped on MyCustomAttribute and the value is: some value
UIColor.green 的NSAttributedString.Key.foregroundColor（文本颜色）。此答案基于此问题的其他几个答案。除了这些，另见
【讨论】：
myTextView.textStorage 而不是myTextView.attributedText.string
这是一个稍微修改过的版本，基于@tarmes 答案。如果没有下面的调整，我无法让valuevariable 返回除null 之外的任何内容。此外，我需要返回完整的属性字典以确定结果操作。我会把它放在 cmets 中，但似乎没有代表这样做。如果我违反了协议，请提前道歉。
具体调整是使用textView.textStorage 而不是textView.attributedText。作为一个还在学习 iOS 的程序员，我不太清楚为什么会这样，但也许其他人可以启发我们。
点击处理方式的具体修改：
NSDictionary *attributesOfTappedText = [textView.textStorage attributesAtIndex:characterIndex effectiveRange:&range];
我的视图控制器中的完整代码
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad];
self.textView.attributedText = [self attributedTextViewString];
UITapGestureRecognizer *tap = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(textTapped:)];
[self.textView addGestureRecognizer:tap];
}
- (NSAttributedString *)attributedTextViewString
{
NSMutableAttributedString *paragraph = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a string with " attributes:@{NSForegroundColorAttributeName:[UIColor blueColor]}];
NSAttributedString* attributedString = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@"a tappable string"
attributes:@{@"tappable":@(YES),
@"networkCallRequired": @(YES),
@"loadCatPicture": @(NO)}];
NSAttributedString* anotherAttributedString = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@" and another tappable string"
attributes:@{@"tappable":@(YES),
@"networkCallRequired": @(NO),
@"loadCatPicture": @(YES)}];
[paragraph appendAttributedString:attributedString];
[paragraph appendAttributedString:anotherAttributedString];
return [paragraph copy];
}
- (void)textTapped:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)recognizer
{
UITextView *textView = (UITextView *)recognizer.view;
// Location of the tap in text-container coordinates
NSLayoutManager *layoutManager = textView.layoutManager;
CGPoint location = [recognizer locationInView:textView];
location.x -= textView.textContainerInset.left;
location.y -= textView.textContainerInset.top;
NSLog(@"location: %@", NSStringFromCGPoint(location));
// Find the character that's been tapped on
NSUInteger characterIndex;
characterIndex = [layoutManager characterIndexForPoint:location
inTextContainer:textView.textContainer
fractionOfDistanceBetweenInsertionPoints:NULL];
if (characterIndex < textView.textStorage.length) {
NSRange range;
NSDictionary *attributes = [textView.textStorage attributesAtIndex:characterIndex effectiveRange:&range];
NSLog(@"%@, %@", attributes, NSStringFromRange(range));
//Based on the attributes, do something
///if ([attributes objectForKey:...)] //make a network call, load a cat Pic, etc
}
}
【讨论】：
在 iOS 7 中，制作自定义链接和做你想做的事变得更加容易。 Ray Wenderlich有很好的例子
【讨论】：
UITextView 没有检测到链接，即使我已将其设置为通过 IB 检测它们。 （我也让它无法选择）
NSLayoutManager *layoutManager = textView.layoutManager;
CGPoint location = [touch locationInView:textView];
NSUInteger characterIndex;
characterIndex = [layoutManager characterIndexForPoint:location
inTextContainer:textView.textContainer
fractionOfDistanceBetweenInsertionPoints:NULL];
if (characterIndex < textView.textStorage.length) {
// valid index
// Find the word range here
// using -enumerateSubstringsInRange:options:usingBlock:
}
【讨论】：
我可以很简单地用 NSLinkAttributeName 解决这个问题
斯威夫特 2
class MyClass: UIViewController, UITextViewDelegate {
@IBOutlet weak var tvBottom: UITextView!
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
let attributedString = NSMutableAttributedString(string: "click me ok?")
attributedString.addAttribute(NSLinkAttributeName, value: "cs://moreinfo", range: NSMakeRange(0, 5))
tvBottom.attributedText = attributedString
tvBottom.delegate = self
}
func textView(textView: UITextView, shouldInteractWithURL URL: NSURL, inRange characterRange: NSRange) -> Bool {
UtilityFunctions.alert("clicked", message: "clicked")
return false
}
}
【讨论】：
if URL.scheme == "cs" 和 return true 在 if 语句之外的 URL，以便 UITextView 可以处理被点击的正常 https:// 链接
使用 Swift 3 检测属性文本操作的完整示例
let termsAndConditionsURL = TERMS_CONDITIONS_URL;
let privacyURL = PRIVACY_URL;
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
self.txtView.delegate = self
let str = "By continuing, you accept the Terms of use and Privacy policy"
let attributedString = NSMutableAttributedString(string: str)
var foundRange = attributedString.mutableString.range(of: "Terms of use") //mention the parts of the attributed text you want to tap and get an custom action
attributedString.addAttribute(NSLinkAttributeName, value: termsAndConditionsURL, range: foundRange)
foundRange = attributedString.mutableString.range(of: "Privacy policy")
attributedString.addAttribute(NSLinkAttributeName, value: privacyURL, range: foundRange)
txtView.attributedText = attributedString
}
然后您可以使用shouldInteractWith URL UITextViewDelegate 委托方法捕获该操作。因此请确保您已正确设置委托。
func textView(_ textView: UITextView, shouldInteractWith URL: URL, in characterRange: NSRange) -> Bool {
let storyboard = UIStoryboard(name: "Main", bundle: nil)
let vc = storyboard.instantiateViewController(withIdentifier: "WebView") as! SKWebViewController
if (URL.absoluteString == termsAndConditionsURL) {
vc.strWebURL = TERMS_CONDITIONS_URL
self.navigationController?.pushViewController(vc, animated: true)
} else if (URL.absoluteString == privacyURL) {
vc.strWebURL = PRIVACY_URL
self.navigationController?.pushViewController(vc, animated: true)
}
return false
}
同样，您可以根据自己的要求执行任何操作。
干杯！！
【讨论】：
characterIndexForPoint:inTextContainer:fractionOfDistanceBetweenInsertionPoints: 可以做到这一点。它的工作方式与您想要的有所不同 - 您必须测试点击的字符是否属于 魔术词。但它不应该很复杂。
顺便说一句，我强烈推荐观看 WWDC 2013 的 Introducing Text Kit。
【讨论】：
在 Swift 5 和 iOS 12 中，您可以创建 UITextView 的子类并使用一些 TextKit 实现覆盖 point(inside:with:)，以便仅使其中的一些 NSAttributedStrings 可点击。
以下代码展示了如何创建一个UITextView，它只对点击其中带下划线的NSAttributedStrings 做出反应：
InteractiveUnderlinedTextView.swift
import UIKit
class InteractiveUnderlinedTextView: UITextView {
override init(frame: CGRect, textContainer: NSTextContainer?) {
super.init(frame: frame, textContainer: textContainer)
configure()
}
required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {
super.init(coder: aDecoder)
configure()
}
func configure() {
isScrollEnabled = false
isEditable = false
isSelectable = false
isUserInteractionEnabled = true
}
override func point(inside point: CGPoint, with event: UIEvent?) -> Bool {
let superBool = super.point(inside: point, with: event)
let characterIndex = layoutManager.characterIndex(for: point, in: textContainer, fractionOfDistanceBetweenInsertionPoints: nil)
guard characterIndex < textStorage.length else { return false }
let attributes = textStorage.attributes(at: characterIndex, effectiveRange: nil)
return superBool && attributes[NSAttributedString.Key.underlineStyle] != nil
}
}
ViewController.swift
import UIKit
class ViewController: UIViewController {
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
let linkTextView = InteractiveUnderlinedTextView()
linkTextView.backgroundColor = .orange
let mutableAttributedString = NSMutableAttributedString(string: "Some text\n\n")
let attributes = [NSAttributedString.Key.underlineStyle: NSUnderlineStyle.single.rawValue]
let underlinedAttributedString = NSAttributedString(string: "Some other text", attributes: attributes)
mutableAttributedString.append(underlinedAttributedString)
linkTextView.attributedText = mutableAttributedString
let tapGesture = UITapGestureRecognizer(target: self, action: #selector(underlinedTextTapped))
linkTextView.addGestureRecognizer(tapGesture)
view.addSubview(linkTextView)
linkTextView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
linkTextView.centerXAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.centerXAnchor).isActive = true
linkTextView.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.centerYAnchor).isActive = true
linkTextView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.readableContentGuide.leadingAnchor).isActive = true
}
@objc func underlinedTextTapped(_ sender: UITapGestureRecognizer) {
print("Hello")
}
}
【讨论】：
将此扩展用于 Swift：
import UIKit
extension UITapGestureRecognizer {
func didTapAttributedTextInTextView(textView: UITextView, inRange targetRange: NSRange) -> Bool {
let layoutManager = textView.layoutManager
let locationOfTouch = self.location(in: textView)
let index = layoutManager.characterIndex(for: locationOfTouch, in: textView.textContainer, fractionOfDistanceBetweenInsertionPoints: nil)
return NSLocationInRange(index, targetRange)
}
}
使用以下选择器将UITapGestureRecognizer 添加到您的文本视图中：
guard let text = textView.attributedText?.string else {
return
}
let textToTap = "Tap me"
if let range = text.range(of: textToTap),
tapGesture.didTapAttributedTextInTextView(textView: textTextView, inRange: NSRange(range, in: text)) {
// Tap recognized
}
【讨论】：
这可能适用于短链接，文本视图中的多链接。它适用于 iOS 6、7、8。
- (void)tappedTextView:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)tapGesture {
if (tapGesture.state != UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded) {
return;
}
UITextView *textView = (UITextView *)tapGesture.view;
CGPoint tapLocation = [tapGesture locationInView:textView];
NSDataDetector *detector = [NSDataDetector dataDetectorWithTypes:NSTextCheckingTypeLink|NSTextCheckingTypePhoneNumber
error:nil];
NSArray* resultString = [detector matchesInString:self.txtMessage.text options:NSMatchingReportProgress range:NSMakeRange(0, [self.txtMessage.text length])];
BOOL isContainLink = resultString.count > 0;
if (isContainLink) {
for (NSTextCheckingResult* result in resultString) {
CGRect linkPosition = [self frameOfTextRange:result.range inTextView:self.txtMessage];
if(CGRectContainsPoint(linkPosition, tapLocation) == 1){
if (result.resultType == NSTextCheckingTypePhoneNumber) {
NSString *phoneNumber = [@"telprompt://" stringByAppendingString:result.phoneNumber];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:phoneNumber]];
}
else if (result.resultType == NSTextCheckingTypeLink) {
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:result.URL];
}
}
}
}
}
- (CGRect)frameOfTextRange:(NSRange)range inTextView:(UITextView *)textView
{
UITextPosition *beginning = textView.beginningOfDocument;
UITextPosition *start = [textView positionFromPosition:beginning offset:range.location];
UITextPosition *end = [textView positionFromPosition:start offset:range.length];
UITextRange *textRange = [textView textRangeFromPosition:start toPosition:end];
CGRect firstRect = [textView firstRectForRange:textRange];
CGRect newRect = [textView convertRect:firstRect fromView:textView.textInputView];
return newRect;
}
【讨论】：
这在 iOS 10 中发生了变化。在 iOS 10 中，您可以使用 .link 属性，一切正常。
不需要自定义属性、点击手势识别器或任何东西。它就像一个普通的 URL。
为此，不要将 url 添加到 NSMutableAttributedString，而是添加您想要调用 url 的内容（例如，'cats' 转到关于猫的维基百科页面），然后添加标准属性 NSAttributedString.Key .link（我在这里使用 Swift），其中 NSURL 包含目标 URL。
【讨论】：