获取 Numpy 数组的索引

Question

我有一个 numpy 数组：

arr = [0.23, 2.32, 4.04, 5.02, 6.84, 10.12, 10.34, 11.93,12.44]

我想获取我输入的最接近整数的索引。例如，如果我输入 10，那么我应该返回索引 5 (10.12)，或者如果我输入 12，我应该返回索引 7 (11.93)。

Answer 1

如果您的列表未排序，您将需要使用abs + argmin 的线性时间解决方案：

>>> np.abs(np.array(arr) - 12).argmin()
7

但是，如果您的列表已排序（升序或降序），您可以使用二分搜索来获得亚线性时间解决方案（非常快）：

# https://ideone.com/aKEpI2 — improved by @user2357112
def binary_search(arr, val):
    # val must be in the closed interval between arr[i-1] and arr[i],
    # unless one of i-1 or i is beyond the bounds of the array.
    i = np.searchsorted(arr, val)

    if i == 0:
        # Smaller than the smallest element
        return i
    elif i == len(arr):
        # Bigger than the biggest element
        return i - 1
    elif val - arr[i - 1] <= arr[i] - val:
        # At least as close to arr[i - 1] as arr[i]
        return i - 1

    # Closer to arr[i] than arr[i - 1]
    return i

cases = [10, 12, 100, 10.12]   # 5, 7, 8, 5
print(*[binary_search(arr, c) for c in cases], sep=',')