使用单个提交在 Django 键中存储值列表答案

【问题标题】：Store a list of values in Django keys with a single submit使用单个提交在 Django 键中存储值列表
【发布时间】：2021-03-10 05:04:55
【问题描述】：

我可以在 views.py

中获取如下所有字段的值

if request.method == 'POST':
    teacher_get = request.POST.get('teacher')
    department_get = request.POST.get('department')
    subject_get = request.POST.get('subject')
    semester_get = request.POST.get('semester')
    answers = [v for q, v in request.POST.items() if q.startswith('question_')]

现在我想将这些值存储在 Student 类中，它的大部分字段都是外键。

class Student(models.Model):
    teacher = models.ForeignKey(Teacher, on_delete=models.CASCADE)   
    question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    subject = models.ForeignKey(Subject, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    department = models.ForeignKey(Department, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    semester = models.ForeignKey(Semester, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    answer = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=RATING_CHOICES, default=1)

例如，学生登录表单页面并开始回答问题，最后当他/她点击提交按钮时，所有问题都有答案。换句话说，在提交之后，我有例如 15 个学生对象，每个对象属于一个特定的问题。我的表单如下所示：

    <form action="{% url 'question'%}" method="POST">
      {% csrf_token %}
      <select name="teacher">
        {% for teacher in teacher %}
          <option value="{{ teacher.name }}">{{ teacher.name }}</option>
        {% endfor %}
      </select>
    </div>

<div>
  <select name="department">
    {% for department in department %}
      <option value="{{ department.name }}">{{ department.name }}</option>
    {% endfor %}
  </select>
</div>

<div>
  <select name="semester">
    {% for semester in semester_choices %}
      <option value="{{ semester.0 }}">{{ semester.1 }}</option>
    {% endfor %}
  </select>
</div>

<div>
  <select name="subject">
    {% for subject in subject %}
      <option value="{{ subject.name }}">{{ subject.name }}</option>
    {% endfor %}
  </select>
</div>

  {% for question in question %}
      <ol>{{ question.question }}</ol>
      
      {% for choice in rating_choices %}
       <input type="radio" name="question_{{question.id}}" value="{{choice.0}}">{{choice.1}}
      {% endfor %}

      {% endfor %} <br>

  <input type="submit" value="Vote">
</form>

我尝试在对象 (Teacher.objects.create(name=teacher_get)) 中分配存储值，结果在 Teacher 类中创建了一个新对象。

【问题讨论】：

标签： django django-views

【解决方案1】：

您可以创建 Django 模型表单，然后使用它来存储数据：

# form
from django.forms import ModelForm    
from .models import Student


class StudentForm(ModelForm):
     class Meta:
         model = Student
         fields = '__all__'

# view
if request.method == 'POST':
    form = StudentForm(request.POST)
    if form.is_valid():
        form.save()

但是您需要在表单的html模板中进行一些更改，以将value的属性更改为相应模型的主键：

<select name="teacher">
    {% for teacher in teacher %}
      <option value="{{ teacher.pk }}">{{ teacher.name }}</option>
    {% endfor %}
  </select>
</div>

<div>
  <select name="department">
    {% for department in department %}
      <option value="{{ department.pk }}">{{ department.name }}</option>
    {% endfor %}
  </select>
</div>

<div>
  <select name="semester">
    {% for semester in semester_choices %}
      <option value="{{ semester.pk }}">{{ semester.1 }}</option>
    {% endfor %}
  </select>
</div>

<div>
  <select name="subject">
    {% for subject in subject %}
      <option value="{{ subject.pk }}">{{ subject.name }}</option>
    {% endfor %}
  </select>
</div>

更多信息请查看ModelForm documentation

【讨论】：