django：当 Userinfo 的每个实例在 Education 模型中有多个实例时，我如何获取模型 Userinfo 的多个实例

Question

我有两个正在使用的模型。第一个是教育模型，其中一个用户可以输入多个教育资格实例：

class Education(models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(User,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    degree_name = models.CharField(max_length=150,null=True,blank=True)
    institute_name = models.CharField(max_length=150, null=True, blank=True)
    date_start = models.CharField(null=True,blank=True,max_length=25)
    date_end = models.CharField(null=True,blank=True,max_length=25)
    description = models.TextField(null=True,blank=True,max_length=1000)

第二个模型是“用户信息”模型，其中一个用户最多可以拥有一个实例：

class Userinfo(models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(User,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    user_info = models.ForeignKey(User_info,related_name='user_info',on_delete=models.CASCADE,null=True)

    profile_pic = models.FileField(null=True,blank=True)
    dob = models.CharField(max_length=25,null=True,blank=True)
    nationality = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True)
    headline = models.CharField(max_length=160, null=True,blank=True)
    summary = models.TextField(max_length=1000, null=True, blank=True)
    current_salary = models.FloatField(null=True,blank=True)
    japanese_level = models.CharField(max_length=50, null=True, blank=True)
    english_level = models.CharField(max_length=50, null=True, blank=True)
    career_level = models.CharField(max_length=50,null=True,blank=True)
    availability = models.CharField(max_length=50, null=True, blank=True)
    expected_salary = models.FloatField(null=True, blank=True)
    job_role = models.CharField(max_length=50,null=True)

当我使用任何查询来获取“用户信息”的任何实例时：

Userinfo.objects.filter(user=request.user)

如何关联这两个模型，以便在遍历 Userinfo 时，我应该能够在 Education 模型中获得它的多个实例。我应该如何更改我的模型并查询它们？

Answer 1

我发现您的 Education 模型中已经有一个指向 User 模型的外键。 UserInfo 模型中不需要外键。您只需进行额外调用即可获取给定用户的所有Education 实例：

Education.objects.filter(user=request.user)

或者您可以将request.user 更改为您需要获取的实际用户。

编辑：

无需对您的代码进行任何更改，您可以通过以下方式获取多个实例：

示例views.py

def myView(request):
    user_info = Userinfo.objects.get(user=request.user) #using get since only 1 instance always
    educations = Education.objects.filter(user=request.user) #fetching all the instances for the education

    context_dict = {"user_info": user_info}
    educations_list = []



    for e in educations:
        educations_list.append(e)
        # do whatever you need with the educations
        # you can access user_info fields just by `user_info.field_name`
        # and you can access the current education fields by `e.field_name`
    context_dict["educations"] = educations_list

    return render(request, "template.html", context_dict)

template.html 中的示例用法

{% if user_info %}
    <p>{{ user_info.field_name }}</p>

    {% if educations %}
        {% for e in educations %}
            <div>{{ e.field_name }}</div>
        {% endfor %}
    {% endif %}
{% endif %}

EDIT 2（包括多个 userinfo 实例）

views.py

def myView(request):
    user_infos = Userinfo.objects.filter() # fetch all instances
    context_dict = {}

    result = []

    for u in user_infos:
        temp = []
        educations_list = []
        educations = Education.objects.filter(user=u.user) # fetch educations for the currently iterated user from user_infos
        for e in educations:
            educations_list.append(e)
        temp.append(u) # append the current user_info
        temp.append(educations_list) # append the corresponding educations
        result.append(temp)
    context_dict["result"] = result
    return render(request, "template.html", context)

模板.html

{% if result %}
    {% for r in result %}
        <div>{{ r.0 }}</div> <!-- r.0 is your currently iterated user_info can be used like: r.0.profile_pic for example -->
        {% if r.1 %}
            {% for e in r.1 %}
                <div>e.degree_name</div> <!-- e is the current education on the current user_info -->
            {% endfor %}
        {% endif %}
    {% endfor %}
{% endif %}

views.py 中的代码并不完美，可能值得重构一下（如何构建最终字典），但我相信这会让您了解如何去做。

希望这会有所帮助！

Answer 2

ui = Userinfo.objects.filter(user=request.user)

此查询将为您提供Userinfo 的所有request.user 实例。您可以像这样通过循环访问Education 属性的值：

for u in ui:
    ui.education.degree_name
    # and so on for other fields.

Answer 3

我认为也许您的 UserInfo 模型可以与用户建立 OneToOne 关系，然后执行类似的操作

UserInfo.objects.filter(user=request.user).education_set.all()

希望这会有所帮助。

祝你好运！