Django 模型设计：单人游戏或与游戏中的玩家组队答案

【问题标题】：Django Models Design: Solo-Player OR Team with players in GameDjango 模型设计：单人游戏或与游戏中的玩家组队
【发布时间】：2021-11-03 07:54:24
【问题描述】：

我正在为一个游戏设计一个基于 Django 的网络界面，该游戏既可以单人玩，也可以作为团队玩。游戏是基于积分的；达到设定点数的第一方获胜。为了以后的统计和显示，点有一个时间戳。

我的问题：如何将两个Players 或两个Teams 合为一个Game？我的模型现在看起来像这样：

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class Player(models.Model):
    slug = models.SlugField(unique=True)    # will be autogenerated when inserting new Instance
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    wins = models.IntegerField()
    losses = models.IntegerField()

    picture = models.ImageField(upload_to='images/player_pics')

    # games_played = wins + losses 

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Team(models.Model):
    slug = models.SlugField(unique=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    players = models.ManyToManyField(Player)
    
    wins = models.IntegerField()    # from here on seems redundant to Player class
    losses = models.IntegerField() 

    picture = models.ImageField(upload_to='images/team_pics')

    # games_played = wins + losses 

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class Point(models.Model):
    val = models.IntegerField()
    timestamp = models.DateTimeField()


class Game(models.Model):
    slug = models.SlugField(unique=True)
    timestamp = models.DateTimeField()
    players = models.ManyToManyField(Player) # here should be either Team or Player
    points = models.ManyToManyField(Point)

我的想法是实现另一个类，例如 GameParty，它可以是 Player 或 Team，但同样的问题也适用。胜负之类的冗余字段也是我不喜欢的。

【问题讨论】：

标签： python django sqlite django-models

【解决方案1】：

您不需要硬编码赢、输和玩的游戏，因为您可以通过使用外键和多对多关系的查询来获取这些值（您也可以在模型中创建动态属性返回查询以避免重复）。改变你的模型：

from django.db import models


class Player(models.Model):
    slug = models.SlugField(unique=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    picture = models.ImageField(upload_to='images/player_pics')

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Team(models.Model):
    slug = models.SlugField(unique=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    players = models.ManyToManyField(Player)
    picture = models.ImageField(upload_to='images/team_pics')

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class Point(models.Model):
    player = models.ForeignKey(Player, on_delete=models.PROTECT, related_name='points') # You need to associate the player with the point
    val = models.IntegerField()
    timestamp = models.DateTimeField()


class Game(models.Model):
    slug = models.SlugField(unique=True)
    timestamp = models.DateTimeField()
    players = models.ManyToManyField(Player, related_name='games')
    points = models.ManyToManyField(Point)

现在例如要获取玩家玩过的游戏，您可以编写以下查询：

player = Player.objects.get(id=1)
games_played = player.games.count()

或使用动态属性（此属性未插入到数据库中，但在每次调用时都会对其进行评估，因此您无需更新它）：

class Player(models.Model):
    # Your fields and methods
    @property
    def games_played(self):
        return self.games.count()

要编写查询，请参考documentation。如果您还想将团队与游戏相关联，您可以创建一个额外的表格或使用generic relation。

【讨论】：