Django反向外键导致重复查询

Question

我正在尝试使用 ViewSet 返回具有资产类型名称（而不仅仅是 id）的所有资产的列表，但根据 django-debug-toolbar，我的查询被重复导致结果变慢。

1 资产类型可以有多个资产。

因此，当我尝试检索所有资产（子项）时，它会尝试获取每个资产（子项）的资产类型（父项）名称，但它正在为每个资产（子项）运行一个查询。看起来像这样：它被重复了 6 次，因为我目前在 Asset 表中有 6 个值。

QUERY = 'SELECT TOP 21 [mm_asset_type].[id], [mm_asset_type].[name], [mm_asset_type].[description] FROM [mm_asset_type] WHERE [mm_asset_type].[id] = %s' - PARAMS = (27,)
 6 similar queries.  Duplicated 3 times.        3.99    
Sel Expl
+   
QUERY = 'SELECT TOP 21 [mm_asset_type].[id], [mm_asset_type].[name], [mm_asset_type].[description] FROM [mm_asset_type] WHERE [mm_asset_type].[id] = %s' - PARAMS = (27,)
 6 similar queries.  Duplicated 3 times.        3.99    
Sel Expl
+   
QUERY = 'SELECT TOP 21 [mm_asset_type].[id], [mm_asset_type].[name], [mm_asset_type].[description] FROM [mm_asset_type] WHERE [mm_asset_type].[id] = %s' - PARAMS = (27,)
 6 similar queries.  Duplicated 3 times.        3.00    
Sel Expl
+   
QUERY = 'SELECT TOP 21 [mm_asset_type].[id], [mm_asset_type].[name], [mm_asset_type].[description] FROM [mm_asset_type] WHERE [mm_asset_type].[id] = %s' - PARAMS = (29,)
 6 similar queries.  Duplicated 3 times.        3.95    
Sel Expl
+   
QUERY = 'SELECT TOP 21 [mm_asset_type].[id], [mm_asset_type].[name], [mm_asset_type].[description] FROM [mm_asset_type] WHERE [mm_asset_type].[id] = %s' - PARAMS = (29,)
 6 similar queries.  Duplicated 3 times.        3.99    
Sel Expl
+   
QUERY = 'SELECT TOP 21 [mm_asset_type].[id], [mm_asset_type].[name], [mm_asset_type].[description] FROM [mm_asset_type] WHERE [mm_asset_type].[id] = %s' - PARAMS = (29,)
 6 similar queries.  Duplicated 3 times.

预期输出

我想要的只是所有资产的列表以及资产类型名称——有没有更好的方法来做到这一点？

这是我的模型：

class AssetType(models.Model):
    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=80, unique=True)
    description = models.CharField(max_length=80)
    
    class Meta:
        db_table = "mm_asset_type"

class Asset(models.Model):
    asset_type = models.ForeignKey(AssetType, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    asset_name = models.CharField(max_length=80)
    display_name = models.CharField(max_length=80)

    class Meta:
        db_table = "mm_asset_registry"

这是我的序列化程序：

class AssetTypeSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = AssetType
        fields = "__all__"


class AssetSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    asset_type_name = serializers.CharField(source='asset_type.name')
    
    class Meta:
        model = Asset
        fields = ("id", "asset_type_name", "asset_name", "display_name")  

最后，这是我的 ViewSet

class AssetViewSet(mixins.ListModelMixin,viewsets.GenericViewSet):
    queryset = Asset.objects.all()
    serializer_class = AssetSerializer

因此，当我尝试检索所有资产时，它会尝试获取每个资产的资产类型名称，但它会为每个资产运行一个查询。看起来像这样：

QUERY = 'SELECT TOP 21 [mm_asset_type].[id], [mm_asset_type].[name], [mm_asset_type].[description] FROM [mm_asset_type] WHERE [mm_asset_type].[id] = %s' - PARAMS = (27,)
 6 similar queries.  Duplicated 3 times.        3.99    
Sel Expl
+   
QUERY = 'SELECT TOP 21 [mm_asset_type].[id], [mm_asset_type].[name], [mm_asset_type].[description] FROM [mm_asset_type] WHERE [mm_asset_type].[id] = %s' - PARAMS = (27,)
 6 similar queries.  Duplicated 3 times.        3.99    
Sel Expl
+   
QUERY = 'SELECT TOP 21 [mm_asset_type].[id], [mm_asset_type].[name], [mm_asset_type].[description] FROM [mm_asset_type] WHERE [mm_asset_type].[id] = %s' - PARAMS = (27,)
 6 similar queries.  Duplicated 3 times.        3.00    
Sel Expl
+   
QUERY = 'SELECT TOP 21 [mm_asset_type].[id], [mm_asset_type].[name], [mm_asset_type].[description] FROM [mm_asset_type] WHERE [mm_asset_type].[id] = %s' - PARAMS = (29,)
 6 similar queries.  Duplicated 3 times.        3.95    
Sel Expl
+   
QUERY = 'SELECT TOP 21 [mm_asset_type].[id], [mm_asset_type].[name], [mm_asset_type].[description] FROM [mm_asset_type] WHERE [mm_asset_type].[id] = %s' - PARAMS = (29,)
 6 similar queries.  Duplicated 3 times.        3.99    
Sel Expl
+   
QUERY = 'SELECT TOP 21 [mm_asset_type].[id], [mm_asset_type].[name], [mm_asset_type].[description] FROM [mm_asset_type] WHERE [mm_asset_type].[id] = %s' - PARAMS = (29,)
 6 similar queries.  Duplicated 3 times.

预期输出

我想要的只是所有资产（子）以及 AssetType（父）名称的列表——有没有更好的方法来做到这一点？

谢谢

Answer 1

您应该使用.select_related(…) [Django-doc] 来获取具有相同查询的类型：

class AssetViewSet(mixins.ListModelMixin,viewsets.GenericViewSet):
    queryset = Asset.objects.select_related('asset_type')
    serializer_class = AssetSerializer

因此，这还将在与获取Assets 的查询相同的查询中获取asset_type 字段，从而将查询总数减少到一个。