Django 返回 UserLazyObject: TypeError: Field 'id' expected a number but got <channels.auth.UserLazyObject object

Question

我正在使用 Django Channels 按照教程制作聊天应用程序。在我的代码中，我的模型有一个自定义管理器。这是经理：

from   import models
from django.db.models import Count

class ThreadManager(models.Manager):
    def get_or_create_personal_thread(self, user1, user2):
        threads = self.get_queryset().filter(thread_type='personal')
        threads = threads.filter(users__in=[user1, user2]).distinct()
        threads = threads.annotate(u_count=Count('users')).filter(u_count=2)
        if threads.exists():
            return threads.first()
        else:
            thread = self.create(thread_type='personal')
            thread.users.add(user1)
            thread.users.add(user2)
            return thread

    def by_user(self, user):
        return self.get_queryset().filter(users__in=[user])

问题是当我在我的消费者中引入模型类时，我得到了这个不熟悉的错误： TypeError: int() 参数必须是字符串、类似字节的对象或数字，而不是 'UserLazyObject'

什么是 UserLazyObject ？ 有什么办法吗？

这是我的consumer.py：模型是由下面这行代码引入的，注释它或取消注释它会一次又一次地删除或重新引入错误。

thread_obj = Thread.objects.get_or_create_personal_thread(me, other_user)



from channels.consumer import SyncConsumer
from asgiref.sync import async_to_sync
from chat.models import Thread
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

class ChatConsumer(SyncConsumer):    
    def websocket_connect(self, event):
        # get the two users
        me = self.scope['user']
        other_username = self.scope['url_route']['kwargs']['username']
        other_user = User.objects.get(username=other_username)
        # get or create incase
        thread_obj = Thread.objects.get_or_create_personal_thread(me, other_user)
        self.room_name = 'presonal_thread_'
        async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_add)(self.room_name, self.channel_name)
        self.send({
            'type': 'websocket.accept'
        })
        print(f'[{self.channel_name}]  - connected now')


    def websocket_receive(self, event):
        print(f'[{self.channel_name}]  - received now {event["text"]}')
        async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_send)(
            self.room_name, 
            {
                'type': 'websocket.message',
                'text': event.get('text')
            }
        )
    def websocket_message(self, event):
        print(f'[{self.channel_name}] - sent now {event["text"]}')
        self.send({
            'type': 'websocket.send',
            'text': event.get('text')
        })
    
    def websocket_disconnect(self, event):
        print(f'[{self.channel_name}]  - disconnected now')
        async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_discard)(self.room_name, self.channel_name)

和models.py

    from chat.managers import ThreadManager
from django.db import models

class TrackingModel(models.Model):
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)

    class Meta:
        abstract = True

class Thread(TrackingModel):
    THREAD_TYPE = (
        ('personal', 'Personal'),
        ('group', 'Group')
    )

    name = models.CharField(max_length=50, null=True, blank=True)
    thread_type = models.CharField(max_length=15, choices=THREAD_TYPE, default='group')
    users = models.ManyToManyField('auth.User')

    objects = ThreadManager()

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        if self.thread_type == 'personal' and self.users.count() == 2:
            return f'{self.users.first()} and {self.users.last()}'
        return f'{self.name}'

class Message(TrackingModel):
    thread = models.ForeignKey(Thread, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    sender = models.ForeignKey('auth.User', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    text = models.TextField(blank=False, null=False)

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        return f'From <Thread - {self.thread}>'

这是我的 routing.py：

from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter, URLRouter
from django.urls import path
from chat.consumers import EchoConsumer, ChatConsumer
from channels.auth import AuthMiddlewareStack

application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
    'websocket': AuthMiddlewareStack(
        URLRouter([
        path('ws/chat/<str:username>/', ChatConsumer.as_asgi()),
        path('ws/chat/', EchoConsumer.as_asgi() ),
        ])
    ),
})

和我的views.py：

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.views import View
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
from django.shortcuts import Http404
from chat.models import Thread, Message


class ThreadView(View):
    template_name = 'chat/chat.html'

    def get_queryset(self):
        return Thread.objects.by_user(self.request.user)

    def get_object(self):
        other_username  = self.kwargs.get("username")
        self.other_user = get_user_model().objects.get(username=other_username)
        obj = Thread.objects.get_or_create_personal_thread(self.request.user, self.other_user)
        if obj == None:
            raise Http404
        return obj

    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        context = {}
        context['me'] = self.request.user
        context['thread'] = self.get_object()
        context['user'] = self.other_user
        context['messages'] = self.get_object().message_set.all()
        return context

    def get(self, request, **kwargs):
        context = self.get_context_data(**kwargs)
        return render(request, self.template_name, context=context)

    def post(self, request, **kwargs):
        self.object = self.get_object()
        thread = self.get_object()
        data = request.POST
        user = request.user
        text = data.get("message")
        Message.objects.create(sender=user, thread=thread, text=text)
        context = self.get_context_data(**kwargs)
        return render(request, self.template_name, context=context)

这是完整的回溯：

    (myenv) ➜  chat_demo git:(master) ✗ python manage.py runserver
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
December 21, 2020 - 14:51:36
Django version 3.1.4, using settings 'chat_demo.settings'
Starting ASGI/Channels version 3.0.2 development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
HTTP GET /chat/kelly1/ 200 [1.57, 127.0.0.1:49479]
WebSocket HANDSHAKING /ws/chat/kelly1/ [127.0.0.1:49482]
Exception inside application: Field 'id' expected a number but got <channels.auth.UserLazyObject object at 0x1086c5e50>.
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/kelly/Desktop/programms/djchat/myenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/__init__.py", line 1774, in get_prep_value
    return int(value)
TypeError: int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a number, not 'UserLazyObject'

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/kelly/Desktop/programms/djchat/myenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/channels/staticfiles.py", line 44, in __call__
    return await self.application(scope, receive, send)
  File "/Users/kelly/Desktop/programms/djchat/myenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/channels/routing.py", line 71, in __call__
    return await application(scope, receive, send)
  File "/Users/kelly/Desktop/programms/djchat/myenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/channels/sessions.py", line 47, in __call__
    return await self.inner(dict(scope, cookies=cookies), receive, send)
  File "/Users/kelly/Desktop/programms/djchat/myenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/channels/sessions.py", line 254, in __call__
    return await self.inner(wrapper.scope, receive, wrapper.send)
  File "/Users/kelly/Desktop/programms/djchat/myenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/channels/auth.py", line 181, in __call__
    return await super().__call__(scope, receive, send)
  File "/Users/kelly/Desktop/programms/djchat/myenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/channels/middleware.py", line 26, in __call__
    return await self.inner(scope, receive, send)
  File "/Users/kelly/Desktop/programms/djchat/myenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/channels/routing.py", line 150, in __call__
    return await application(
  File "/Users/kelly/Desktop/programms/djchat/myenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/channels/consumer.py", line 94, in app
    return await consumer(scope, receive, send)
  File "/Users/kelly/Desktop/programms/djchat/myenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/channels/consumer.py", line 58, in __call__
    await await_many_dispatch(
  File "/Users/kelly/Desktop/programms/djchat/myenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/channels/utils.py", line 51, in await_many_dispatch
    await dispatch(result)
  File "/Users/kelly/Desktop/programms/djchat/myenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/asgiref/sync.py", line 304, in __call__
    ret = await asyncio.wait_for(future, timeout=None)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/asyncio/tasks.py", line 455, in wait_for
    return await fut
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/concurrent/futures/thread.py", line 57, in run
    result = self.fn(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
  File "/Users/kelly/Desktop/programms/djchat/myenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/channels/db.py", line 13, in thread_handler
    return super().thread_handler(loop, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/kelly/Desktop/programms/djchat/myenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/asgiref/sync.py", line 343, in thread_handler
    return func(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/kelly/Desktop/programms/djchat/myenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/channels/consumer.py", line 125, in dispatch
    handler(message)
  File "/Users/kelly/Desktop/programms/djchat/chat_demo/chat/consumers.py", line 13, in websocket_connect
    thread_obj = Thread.objects.get_or_create_personal_thread(me, other_user)
  File "/Users/kelly/Desktop/programms/djchat/chat_demo/chat/managers.py", line 8, in get_or_create_personal_thread
    threads = threads.filter(users__in=[user1, user2]).distinct()
  File "/Users/kelly/Desktop/programms/djchat/myenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 942, in filter
    return self._filter_or_exclude(False, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/kelly/Desktop/programms/djchat/myenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 962, in _filter_or_exclude
    clone._filter_or_exclude_inplace(negate, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/kelly/Desktop/programms/djchat/myenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 969, in _filter_or_exclude_inplace
    self._query.add_q(Q(*args, **kwargs))
  File "/Users/kelly/Desktop/programms/djchat/myenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/query.py", line 1358, in add_q
    clause, _ = self._add_q(q_object, self.used_aliases)
  File "/Users/kelly/Desktop/programms/djchat/myenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/query.py", line 1377, in _add_q
    child_clause, needed_inner = self.build_filter(
  File "/Users/kelly/Desktop/programms/djchat/myenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/query.py", line 1319, in build_filter
    condition = self.build_lookup(lookups, col, value)
  File "/Users/kelly/Desktop/programms/djchat/myenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/query.py", line 1165, in build_lookup
    lookup = lookup_class(lhs, rhs)
  File "/Users/kelly/Desktop/programms/djchat/myenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/models/lookups.py", line 24, in __init__
    self.rhs = self.get_prep_lookup()
  File "/Users/kelly/Desktop/programms/djchat/myenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/related_lookups.py", line 59, in get_prep_lookup
    self.rhs = [target_field.get_prep_value(v) for v in self.rhs]
  File "/Users/kelly/Desktop/programms/djchat/myenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/related_lookups.py", line 59, in <listcomp>
    self.rhs = [target_field.get_prep_value(v) for v in self.rhs]
  File "/Users/kelly/Desktop/programms/djchat/myenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/__init__.py", line 1776, in get_prep_value
    raise e.__class__(
TypeError: Field 'id' expected a number but got <channels.auth.UserLazyObject object at 0x1086c5e50>.
WebSocket DISCONNECT /ws/chat/kelly1/ [127.0.0.1:49482]

我们将不胜感激任何帮助。提前致谢 我现在已经编辑了问题以包含完整的回溯

Answer 1

频道节目源代码(https://github.com/django/channels/blob/4ddf6e70f34790fb7131a10fc5af285dc3dcbeb1/channels/auth.py#L139)：

class UserLazyObject(LazyObject):
    """
    Throw a more useful error message when scope['user'] is accessed before
    it's resolved
    """

    def _setup(self):
        raise ValueError("Accessing scope user before it is ready.")

以下是范围的填充方式 (https://github.com/django/channels/blob/4ddf6e70f34790fb7131a10fc5af285dc3dcbeb1/channels/auth.py#L155)：

def populate_scope(self, scope):
    # Make sure we have a session
    if "session" not in scope:
        raise ValueError(
            "AuthMiddleware cannot find session in scope. "
            "SessionMiddleware must be above it."
        )
    # Add it to the scope if it's not there already
    if "user" not in scope:
        scope["user"] = UserLazyObject()

async def resolve_scope(self, scope):
    scope["user"]._wrapped = await get_user(scope)

要在您的代码中解决它，您必须使用以下内容（未经测试 - 可能需要异步/等待处理）：

        if isinstance(user, UserLazyObject):
            user._setup()
            user = user._wrapped

原始 Django 代码从 SimpleLazyObject 解析用户以供参考（来自我的非渠道代码的工作示例）：

        if isinstance(user, SimpleLazyObject):
            user._setup()
            user = user._wrapped

Answer 2

首先检查 scope['user'] 是否返回anonymousUser。 如果它返回anonymousUser，那么这可能是问题所在。

如果您未登录管理站点或未通过身份验证，则可能会出现此问题。

另一个常见问题是在客户端使用 localhost:8000 端口并在 127.0.0.1:8000 中进行身份验证。 确保您使用的是相同的端口。