mod_wsgi：ModuleNotFoundError：没有名为“xxx”的模块

Question

关于这个主题的帖子大约有一百个，但似乎没有一个有太多的押韵或理由。

我的配置：

1. 尝试通过 Podman 用 Apache + mod_wsgi (4.6.4) + Django 构建容器，没有 virtualenv。

2. 通过 CentOS 软件包 repo 二进制文件安装已编译的库。 Python 3.6 通过 CentOS repo 二进制文件。

3. 通过 pip 将纯 python 库安装到 --user (/home/user/.local)

4. 项目文件夹在 /home/apache 中，不需要任何静态内容，我会将所有内容推送到 CDN。

5. the docs 的测试文件示例运行良好。

6. 迁移和迁移后信号工作正常。

7. 开发服务器在当前配置下工作正常。

8. 我指定 Django 和 base-Python 相关的唯一环境变量是 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE，它已正确设置为我的基本设置文件。

9. Apache 配置，直接来自 Django 3.2 文档：

WSGIPythonPath /home/apache
<VirtualHost *:8080>
     ServerName localhost
     WSGIScriptAlias / /home/apache/base/wsgi.py
     <Directory /home/apache/base>
      <Files wsgi.py>
         Require all granted
      </Files>
     </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

结果：

[ 09:20:57.757787 2021] [wsgi:error] [pid 5:tid 140007184484096]   Traceback (most recent call last):
[ 09:20:57.758173 2021] [wsgi:error] [pid 5:tid 140007184484096]     File "/home/apache/base/wsgi.py", line 16, in <module>
[ 09:20:57.758542 2021] [wsgi:error] [pid 5:tid 140007184484096]       application = get_wsgi_application()
[ 09:20:57.758740 2021] [wsgi:error] [pid 5:tid 140007184484096]     File "/home/apache/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/wsgi.py", line 12, in get_wsgi_application
[ 09:20:57.759100 2021] [wsgi:error] [pid 5:tid 140007184484096]       django.setup(set_prefix=False)
[ 09:20:57.759335 2021] [wsgi:error] [pid 5:tid 140007184484096]     File "/home/apache/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 19, in setup
[ 09:20:57.759539 2021] [wsgi:error] [pid 5:tid 140007184484096]       configure_logging(settings.LOGGING_CONFIG, settings.LOGGING)
[ 09:20:57.759844 2021] [wsgi:error] [pid 5:tid 140007184484096]     File "/home/apache/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 82, in __getattr__
[ 09:20:57.760108 2021] [wsgi:error] [pid 5:tid 140007184484096]       self._setup(name)
[ 09:20:57.760483 2021] [wsgi:error] [pid 5:tid 140007184484096]     File "/home/apache/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 69, in _setup
[ 09:20:57.760772 2021] [wsgi:error] [pid 5:tid 140007184484096]       self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module)
[ 09:20:57.761133 2021] [wsgi:error] [pid 5:tid 140007184484096]     File "/home/apache/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 170, in __init__
[ 09:20:57.762015 2021] [wsgi:error] [pid 5:tid 140007184484096]       mod = importlib.import_module(self.SETTINGS_MODULE)
[ 09:20:57.762347 2021] [wsgi:error] [pid 5:tid 140007184484096]     File "/usr/lib64/python3.6/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
[ 09:20:57.762636 2021] [wsgi:error] [pid 5:tid 140007184484096]       return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
[ 09:20:57.763139 2021] [wsgi:error] [pid 5:tid 140007184484096]     File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 994, in _gcd_import
[ 09:20:57.763347 2021] [wsgi:error] [pid 5:tid 140007184484096]     File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load
[ 09:20:57.763613 2021] [wsgi:error] [pid 5:tid 140007184484096]     File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 941, in _find_and_load_unlocked
[ 09:20:57.763895 2021] [wsgi:error] [pid 5:tid 140007184484096]     File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
[ 09:20:57.764154 2021] [wsgi:error] [pid 5:tid 140007184484096]     File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 994, in _gcd_import
[ 09:20:57.764414 2021] [wsgi:error] [pid 5:tid 140007184484096]     File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load
[ 09:20:57.764702 2021] [wsgi:error] [pid 5:tid 140007184484096]     File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 941, in _find_and_load_unlocked
[ 09:20:57.764985 2021] [wsgi:error] [pid 5:tid 140007184484096]     File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
[ 09:20:57.765289 2021] [wsgi:error] [pid 5:tid 140007184484096]     File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 994, in _gcd_import
[ 09:20:57.765555 2021] [wsgi:error] [pid 5:tid 140007184484096]     File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load
[ 09:20:57.765874 2021] [wsgi:error] [pid 5:tid 140007184484096]     File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 953, in _find_and_load_unlocked
[ 09:20:57.766160 2021] [wsgi:error] [pid 5:tid 140007184484096]   ModuleNotFoundError: No module named "'base"
10.0.2.100 - - [02/Aug/2021:09:20:57 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 500 527 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/14.1.2 Safari/605.1.15"

是“base”旁边的那个额外的单引号吗？我想它一定是，而且没有明显的迹象表明它来自哪里。

它不在我能看到的任何 Apache 配置中。也不是在我的网站代码中，在全球 Sublime 中搜索了“base 并且一切对我来说都很好”。

Answer 1

在环境变量和 wsgi.py 中具有相同的设置（由不同的字符串引用样式表示）导致了这种情况。

wsgi.py:

import os

from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application

os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "base.settings.dev")

application = get_wsgi_application()

由于在 Docker compose 例程的上一步中未正确获取设置，我在传递给容器的 env 文件中指定了以下内容...

DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE='base.settings.dev'

省略一个或另一个会导致服务器工作。

猜猜这不再适用于 Docker 和 Podman...