【发布时间】:2018-09-26 16:52:43
【问题描述】:
梯度下降和溢出误差
我目前正在 python 中实现矢量化梯度下降。但是,我继续收到溢出错误。我的数据集中的数字虽然不是很大。我正在使用这个公式:
我选择这个实现是为了避免使用衍生产品。有没有人对如何解决这个问题有任何建议,或者我是否执行错误?提前谢谢!
数据集链接:https://www.kaggle.com/CooperUnion/anime-recommendations-database/data
## Cleaning Data ##
import math
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
data = pd.read_csv('anime.csv')
# print(data.corr())
# print(data['members'].isnull().values.any()) # Prints False
# print(data['rating'].isnull().values.any()) # Prints True
members = [] # Corresponding fan club size for row
ratings = [] # Corresponding rating for row
for row in data.iterrows():
if not math.isnan(row[1]['rating']): # Checks for Null ratings
members.append(row[1]['members'])
ratings.append(row[1]['rating'])
plt.plot(members, ratings)
plt.savefig('scatterplot.png')
theta0 = 0.3 # Random guess
theta1 = 0.3 # Random guess
error = 0
公式
def hypothesis(x, theta0, theta1):
return theta0 + theta1 * x
def costFunction(x, y, theta0, theta1, m):
loss = 0
for i in range(m): # Represents summation
loss += (hypothesis(x[i], theta0, theta1) - y[i])**2
loss *= 1 / (2 * m) # Represents 1/2m
return loss
def gradientDescent(x, y, theta0, theta1, alpha, m, iterations=1500):
for i in range(iterations):
gradient0 = 0
gradient1 = 0
for j in range(m):
gradient0 += hypothesis(x[j], theta0, theta1) - y[j]
gradient1 += (hypothesis(x[j], theta0, theta1) - y[j]) * x[j]
gradient0 *= 1/m
gradient1 *= 1/m
temp0 = theta0 - alpha * gradient0
temp1 = theta1 - alpha * gradient1
theta0 = temp0
theta1 = temp1
error = costFunction(x, y, theta0, theta1, len(y))
print("Error is:", error)
return theta0, theta1
print(gradientDescent(members, ratings, theta0, theta1, 0.01, len(ratings)))
错误的
经过多次迭代,在我的 gradientDescent 函数中调用我的 costFunction 给了我一个 OverflowError: (34, 'Result too large')。但是,我希望我的代码能够不断打印出一个递减的错误值。
Error is: 1.7515692852199285e+23
Error is: 2.012089675182454e+38
Error is: 2.3113586742689143e+53
Error is: 2.6551395730578252e+68
Error is: 3.05005286756189e+83
Error is: 3.503703756035943e+98
Error is: 4.024828599077087e+113
Error is: 4.623463163528686e+128
Error is: 5.311135890211131e+143
Error is: 6.101089907410428e+158
Error is: 7.008538065634975e+173
Error is: 8.050955905074458e+188
Error is: 9.248418197694096e+203
Error is: 1.0623985545062037e+219
Error is: 1.220414847696018e+234
Error is: 1.4019337603196565e+249
Error is: 1.6104509643047377e+264
Error is: 1.8499820618048921e+279
Error is: 2.1251399172389593e+294
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "tyreeGradientDescent.py", line 54, in <module>
print(gradientDescent(members, ratings, theta0, theta1, 0.01, len(ratings)))
File "tyreeGradientDescent.py", line 50, in gradientDescent
error = costFunction(x, y, theta0, theta1, len(y))
File "tyreeGradientDescent.py", line 33, in costFunction
loss += (hypothesis(x[i], theta0, theta1) - y[i])**2
OverflowError: (34, 'Result too large')
【问题讨论】:
-
你的神经网络很深吗?如果是这样,您可能会遇到梯度爆炸问题:machinelearningmastery.com/… 有几种不同的方法可以避免这种情况 - 例如,使用好的初始化程序。
-
这适用于哪些比赛?
-
@enumaris 我对实现梯度下降感兴趣的不是神经网络。另外,感谢我现在正在查看的文章。
-
@Prune 它不是为了任何竞争。
-
溢出错误在哪里?你有什么调试输出?它从哪里开始偏离您的期望?简而言之,您的帖子尚未达到 SO 标准。
标签: python machine-learning artificial-intelligence gradient-descent loss-function