错误：无法为使用 PEP 517 且无法直接安装的 opencv-python 构建轮子

Question

我试图在 jetson nano 上的 docker 中安装 OpenCV4。它有jetpack 4.4 s os。 docker 已成功创建并且 Tensorflow 正在运行，但是在使用 pip 安装 OpenCV 时显示 CMake 错误。

root@5abf405fb92d:~# pip3 install opencv-python
Collecting opencv-python
  Downloading opencv-python-4.4.0.42.tar.gz (88.9 MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 88.9 MB 2.5 kB/s 
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
    Preparing wheel metadata ... done
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.13.3 in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages (from opencv-python) (1.18.4)
Building wheels for collected packages: opencv-python
  Building wheel for opencv-python (PEP 517) ... error
  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
   command: /usr/bin/python3 /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/_in_process.py build_wheel /tmp/tmpqpzwrofy
       cwd: /tmp/pip-install-93nxibky/opencv-python
  Complete output (9 lines):
    File "/tmp/pip-build-env-o_hualnr/overlay/lib/python3.6/site-packages/skbuild/setuptools_wrap.py", line 560, in setup
      cmkr = cmaker.CMaker(cmake_executable)
    File "/tmp/pip-build-env-o_hualnr/overlay/lib/python3.6/site-packages/skbuild/cmaker.py", line 95, in __init__
      self.cmake_version = get_cmake_version(self.cmake_executable)
    File "/tmp/pip-build-env-o_hualnr/overlay/lib/python3.6/site-packages/skbuild/cmaker.py", line 82, in get_cmake_version
      "Problem with the CMake installation, aborting build. CMake executable is %s" % cmake_executable)
  Traceback (most recent call last):
  
  Problem with the CMake installation, aborting build. CMake executable is cmake
  ----------------------------------------
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for opencv-python
Failed to build opencv-python
ERROR: Could not build wheels for opencv-python which use PEP 517 and cannot be installed directly

Answer 1

我遇到了同样的问题，我这样做了，

pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel

然后重新安装opencv，

pip install opencv-python

这对我有用

Answer 2

是的..终于找到了解决方法。 按照这个https://github.com/mdegans/nano_build_opencv 从源代码构建并最终安装。

PS：构建可能需要一点时间，对我来说花了 10 个小时：P.

图像处理愉快..

Answer 3

如果之后

pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel

你仍然有同样的错误，

您可以尝试指定旧版本的 OpenCV 进行安装。

例如

pip3 install opencv-python==3.4.13.47

Answer 4

我遇到了类似的问题，解决它的方法不是使用python:3-alpine，而是使用python:3.8-slim。例如：

FROM python:3.8-slim
WORKDIR /usr/src/app

RUN apt update
RUN apt -y install build-essential libwrap0-dev libssl-dev libc-ares-dev uuid-dev xsltproc
RUN apt-get update -qq \
    && apt-get install --no-install-recommends --yes \
        build-essential \
        gcc \
        python3-dev \
        mosquitto \
        mosquitto-clients


RUN pip3 install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel

RUN python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir \
      numpy scipy matplotlib scikit-build opencv-contrib-python-headless \
      influxdb paho-mqtt configparser Pillow \
      qrcode

终于为我工作了。

Answer 5

请检查您的 python 规范：

  - opencv -> python[
version='
>=2.7,<2.8.0a0
>=3.5,<3.6.0a0
>=3.6,<3.7.0a0
>=3.7,<3.8.0a0']

Answer 6

我通过在我的 MacBook 中从头开始重新安装 python3 来处理它：

brew reinstall python@3.9

我还实验性地重新安装了 numpy 和 matplotlib 包。

pip3 install numpy
pip3 install matplotlib 
pip3 install opencv-contrib-python

版本：

macOS Mojave 10.14.5
Python 3.9.7
OpenCV 4.5.3

OpenCV 的版本是 4.5.3 by this way:

import cv2 
print(cv2.__version__)

但是“pip list”显示的是“opencv-contrib-python 3.4.9.31”。