【发布时间】:2016-01-06 15:09:49
【问题描述】:
我正在尝试使用 scrapy 来抓取基于 phpbb 的论坛。我的scrapy知识水平非常基础(但正在提高)。
提取论坛帖子首页的内容或多或少很容易。我成功的刮板是这样的:
import scrapy
from ptmya1.items import Ptmya1Item
class bastospider3(scrapy.Spider):
name = "basto3"
allowed_domains = ["portierramaryaire.com"]
start_urls = [
"http://portierramaryaire.com/foro/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=3821&st=0&sk=t&sd=a"
]
def parse(self, response):
for sel in response.xpath('//div[2]/div'):
item = Ptmya1Item()
item['author'] = sel.xpath('div/div[1]/p/strong/a/text()').extract()
item['date'] = sel.xpath('div/div[1]/p/text()').extract()
item['body'] = sel.xpath('div/div[1]/div/text()').extract()
yield item
但是,当我尝试使用“下一页”链接进行爬网时,我经历了很多令人沮丧的小时后失败了。我想向您展示我的尝试,以征求意见。 注意:我希望获得 SgmlLinkExtractor 变体的解决方案,因为它们更灵活、更强大,但经过多次尝试后,我优先考虑成功
第一个,路径受限的 SgmlLinkExtractor。 '下一页 xpath' 是
/html/body/div[1]/div[2]/form[1]/fieldset/a
确实,我用shell测试过
response.xpath('//div[2]/form[1]/fieldset/a/@href')[1].extract()
为“下一页”链接返回正确的值。但是,我想指出,引用的 xpath 提供 TWO 链接
>>> response.xpath('//div[2]/form[1]/fieldset/a/@href').extract()
[u'./search.php?sid=5aa2b92bec28a93c85956e83f2f62c08', u'./viewtopic.php?f=3&t=3821&st=0&sk=t&sd=a&sid=5aa2b92bec28a93c85956e83f2f62c08&start=15']
因此,我的 失败刮刀
import scrapy
from scrapy.contrib.spiders import CrawlSpider, Rule
from scrapy.contrib.linkextractors.sgml import SgmlLinkExtractor
from scrapy.selector import HtmlXPathSelector
from ptmya1.items import Ptmya1Item
class bastospider3(scrapy.Spider):
name = "basto7"
allowed_domains = ["portierramaryaire.com"]
start_urls = [
"http://portierramaryaire.com/foro/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=3821&st=0&sk=t&sd=a"
]
rules = (
Rule(SgmlLinkExtractor(allow=(), restrict_xpaths=('//div[2]/form[1]/fieldset/a/@href')[1],), callback="parse_items", follow= True)
)
def parse_item(self, response):
for sel in response.xpath('//div[2]/div'):
item = Ptmya1Item()
item['author'] = sel.xpath('div/div[1]/p/strong/a/text()').extract()
item['date'] = sel.xpath('div/div[1]/p/text()').extract()
item['body'] = sel.xpath('div/div[1]/div/text()').extract()
yield item
第二个,允许的 SgmlLinkExtractor。更原始也更不成功
import scrapy
from scrapy.contrib.spiders import CrawlSpider, Rule
from scrapy.contrib.linkextractors.sgml import SgmlLinkExtractor
from scrapy.selector import HtmlXPathSelector
from ptmya1.items import Ptmya1Item
class bastospider3(scrapy.Spider):
name = "basto7"
allowed_domains = ["portierramaryaire.com"]
start_urls = [
"http://portierramaryaire.com/foro/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=3821&st=0&sk=t&sd=a"
]
rules = (
Rule(SgmlLinkExtractor(allow=(r'viewtopic.php?f=3&t=3821&st=0&sk=t&sd=a&start.',),), callback="parse_items", follow= True)
)
def parse_item(self, response):
for sel in response.xpath('//div[2]/div'):
item = Ptmya1Item()
item['author'] = sel.xpath('div/div[1]/p/strong/a/text()').extract()
item['date'] = sel.xpath('div/div[1]/p/text()').extract()
item['body'] = sel.xpath('div/div[1]/div/text()').extract()
yield item
最后,我回到了该死的旧石器时代,或者说是第一个教程。我尝试使用初学者教程末尾包含的循环。又一次失败
import scrapy
import urlparse
from ptmya1.items import Ptmya1Item
class bastospider5(scrapy.Spider):
name = "basto5"
allowed_domains = ["portierramaryaire.com"]
start_urls = [
"http://portierramaryaire.com/foro/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=3821&st=0&sk=t&sd=a"
]
def parse_articles_follow_next_page(self, response):
item = Ptmya1Item()
item['cacho'] = response.xpath('//div[2]/form[1]/fieldset/a/@href').extract()[1][1:] + "http://portierramaryaire.com/foro"
for sel in response.xpath('//div[2]/div'):
item['author'] = sel.xpath('div/div[1]/p/strong/a/text()').extract()
item['date'] = sel.xpath('div/div[1]/p/text()').extract()
item['body'] = sel.xpath('div/div[1]/div/text()').extract()
yield item
next_page = response.xpath('//fieldset/a[@class="right-box right"]')
if next_page:
cadenanext = response.xpath('//div[2]/form[1]/fieldset/a/@href').extract()[1][1:]
url = urlparse.urljoin("http://portierramaryaire.com/foro",cadenanext)
yield scrapy.Request(url, self.parse_articles_follow_next_page)
在所有情况中,我得到的是一个神秘的错误消息,我无法从中获得解决问题的提示。
2015-10-08 21:24:46 [scrapy] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET http://portierramaryaire.com/foro/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=3821&st=0&sk=t&sd=a> (referer: None)
2015-10-08 21:24:46 [scrapy] ERROR: Spider error processing <GET http://portierramaryaire.com/foro/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=3821&st=0&sk=t&sd=a> (referer: None)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/twisted/internet/defer.py", line 577, in _runCallbacks
current.result = callback(current.result, *args, **kw)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/scrapy/spiders/__init__.py", line 76, in parse
raise NotImplementedError
NotImplementedError
2015-10-08 21:24:46 [scrapy] INFO: Closing spider (finished)
对于这个问题,我真的很感激任何建议(或者更好的可行解决方案)。我完全坚持这一点,无论我读了多少,我都找不到解决方案:(
【问题讨论】:
标签: python-2.7 xpath web-scraping scrapy screen-scraping