写入 csv 文件后格式不正确（列数错误）

Question

我的目的是从网站的依赖 jio 评论网页中获取所有配置文件的完整评论以及评论标题、用户名、用户位置和发布时间，并将其存储在 CSV文件。

我要抓取的网站是http://www.mouthshut.com/mobile-operators/Reliance-Jio-reviews-925812061

当我尝试将前两页的抓取数据存储在 CSV 文件中时，我得到了以下输出。 我的问题是每行的输出生成的列多于预期。一个句子被解析成多个单元格。

我的代码：

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from urllib.request import urlopen as uReq
from selenium import webdriver;import time
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities
import csv

firefox_capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX
firefox_capabilities['marionette'] = True
firefox_capabilities['binary'] = '/etc/firefox'

driver = webdriver.Firefox(capabilities=firefox_capabilities)
url = "http://www.mouthshut.com/mobile-operators/Reliance-Jio-reviews-925812061"
driver.get(url)
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)
soup=BeautifulSoup(driver.page_source,"lxml")
for items1 in    wait.until(EC.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".review-article"))):
   link1 = items1.find_element_by_css_selector(".reviewdata a")
   link1.click()
   time.sleep(2)
csv = open('index.csv','w')
column = "Name,Location,Review_data,Review_title,Review_data\n"
csv.write(column)
soup1 = BeautifulSoup(driver.page_source,"lxml")
for item1 in soup1.select(".review-article"):
   name1 = item1.select("p a")[0].text
   location1 = item1.select("p")[1].text
   review_date1 = item1.select("small")[0].text
   review_title1 = item1.select("strong  a[id^=ctl00_ctl00_ContentPlaceHolderFooter_ContentPlaceHolderBody_rptreviews]")[0].text
   review_data1 = ' '.join([' '.join(items1.text.split()) for items1 in   item1.select(".reviewdata")])
   print("Name: {}\nLocation : {}\nReview_date: {}\nReview_Title: {}\nReview_Data: {}\n".format(name1, location1, review_date1, review_title1, review_data1))
   csv1 = open('index.csv','a')
   page1_data = name1 + "," + location1 + "," + review_date1 + "," + review_title1  + "," + review_data1  + "\n" 
   csv1.write(page1_data)
uclient=uReq(url)
page_html=uclient.read()
uclient.close()
page_soup = soup(page_html,"html.parser")
container = soup.find("ul",{"class":"pages table"})
all_li = container.findAll("li")
last_div = None
for last_div in all_li:pass
if last_div:
   content = last_div.getText()
   content1 = int(content)
   container1 = soup.findAll("li",{"class":"next"})
   li=container1[0].find("a",{"class":"btn btn-link"}).attrs['href']    
driver.get(li)
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)
soup=BeautifulSoup(driver.page_source,"lxml")
for items in wait.until(EC.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".review-article"))):
   link = items.find_element_by_css_selector(".reviewdata a")
   link.click()
   time.sleep(2)

soup = BeautifulSoup(driver.page_source,"lxml")
for item in soup.select(".review-article"):
    name = item.select("p a")[0].text
    location = item.select("p")[1].text
    review_date = item.select("small")[0].text
    review_title = item.select("strong a[id^=ctl00_ctl00_ContentPlaceHolderFooter_ContentPlaceHolderBody_rptreviews]")[0].text
    review_data = ' '.join([' '.join(items.text.split()) for items in item.select(".reviewdata")])
    print("Name: {}\nLocation : {}\nReview_date: {}\nReview_Title: {}\nReview_Data: {}\n".format(name, location, review_date, review_title, review_data))
    csv2 = open("index.csv",'a')
    page2_data = name  +","+ location+"," + review_date +","+ review_title +","+ review_data + "\n"
    csv2.write(page2_data)
    driver.quit()

我需要帮助找出代码中的错误，以便以结构化方式将抓取的数据存储到 CSV 文件中。

Answer 1

您应该使用csv 模块，因为它会自动解决逗号和“换行”/输入文本的问题。

创建 csv 写入器

f = open('index.csv','w')
csv_writer = csv.writer(f)

并使用列表而不是单个字符串写入标题

column = ["Name", "Location", "Review_data", "Review_title", "Review_data"]
csv_writer.writerow(column)

同样的方式用数据写列表

row = [name, location, review_date, review_title, review_data]
csv_writer.writerow(row)

完整代码

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from urllib.request import urlopen as uReq
from selenium import webdriver;import time
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities
import csv

# --- init ---

firefox_capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX
firefox_capabilities['marionette'] = True
firefox_capabilities['binary'] = '/etc/firefox'

driver = webdriver.Firefox(capabilities=firefox_capabilities)
url = "http://www.mouthshut.com/mobile-operators/Reliance-Jio-reviews-925812061"

# --- open file ---

f = open("index.csv", "w")
csv_writer = csv.writer(f)

columns = ["Name", "Location", "Review_data", "Review_title", "Review_data"]
csv_writer.writerow(columns)

# ---- get data ---

driver.get(url)
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)

soup = BeautifulSoup(driver.page_source, "lxml")
for items in wait.until(EC.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".review-article"))):
   link = items.find_element_by_css_selector(".reviewdata a")
   link.click()
   time.sleep(2)

soup = BeautifulSoup(driver.page_source, "lxml")

for item in soup.select(".review-article"):
    name = item.select("p a")[0].text
    location = item.select("p")[1].text
    review_date = item.select("small")[0].text
    review_title = item.select("strong  a[id^=ctl00_ctl00_ContentPlaceHolderFooter_ContentPlaceHolderBody_rptreviews]")[0].text
    review_data = ' '.join([' '.join(items.text.split()) for items in item.select(".reviewdata")])

    print("Name:", name)
    print("Location:", location)
    print("Review_date:", review_date)
    print("Review_Title:", review_title)
    print("Review_Data:", review_data)

    row = [name, location, review_date, review_title, review_data]
    csv_writer.writerow(row)

# --- get next url ---

uclient = uReq(url)
page_html = uclient.read()
uclient.close()

soup = BeautifulSoup(page_html, "html.parser")
container = soup.find("ul", {"class": "pages table"})

all_li = container.findAll("li")
if all_li:
    last_div = all_li[-1]
    content = last_div.getText()
    content = int(content)
    container = soup.findAll("li", {"class": "next"})
    li = container[0].find("a", {"class": "btn btn-link"}).attrs['href']

# ---- get data ---

driver.get(li)
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)

soup = BeautifulSoup(driver.page_source, "lxml")
for items in wait.until(EC.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".review-article"))):
    link = items.find_element_by_css_selector(".reviewdata a")
    link.click()
    time.sleep(2)

soup = BeautifulSoup(driver.page_source, "lxml")
for item in soup.select(".review-article"):
    name = item.select("p a")[0].text
    location = item.select("p")[1].text
    review_date = item.select("small")[0].text
    review_title = item.select("strong a[id^=ctl00_ctl00_ContentPlaceHolderFooter_ContentPlaceHolderBody_rptreviews]")[0].text
    review_data = ' '.join([' '.join(items.text.split()) for items in item.select(".reviewdata")])

    print("Name:", name)
    print("Location:", location)
    print("Review_date:", review_date)
    print("Review_Title:", review_title)
    print("Review_Data:", review_data)

    row = [name, location, review_date, review_title, review_data]
    csv_writer.writerow(row)

# --- end ---

driver.quit()
f.close()

---

编辑： 不带 beautifulsoup 和 requests 的版本 - 只有 selenium

from selenium import webdriver;import time
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities
import csv

def get_data(driver, csv_writer):

    for item in driver.find_elements_by_css_selector(".review-article"):
        name = item.find_elements_by_css_selector("p a")[0].text
        location = item.find_elements_by_css_selector("p")[1].text
        review_date = item.find_elements_by_css_selector("small")[0].text
        review_title = item.find_elements_by_css_selector("strong  a[id^=ctl00_ctl00_ContentPlaceHolderFooter_ContentPlaceHolderBody_rptreviews]")[0].text
        review_data = item.find_elements_by_css_selector(".reviewdata")
        review_data = ' '.join([' '.join(items.text.split()) for items in review_data])

        print("Name:", name)
        print("Location:", location)
        print("Review_date:", review_date)
        print("Review_Title:", review_title)
        print("Review_Data:", review_data)

        row = [name, location, review_date, review_title, review_data]
        csv_writer.writerow(row)

# --- init ---

firefox_capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX
firefox_capabilities['marionette'] = True
firefox_capabilities['binary'] = '/etc/firefox'

driver = webdriver.Firefox(capabilities=firefox_capabilities)
url = "http://www.mouthshut.com/mobile-operators/Reliance-Jio-reviews-925812061"

# --- open file ---

f = open("index.csv", "w")
csv_writer = csv.writer(f)

columns = ["Name", "Location", "Review_data", "Review_title", "Review_data"]
csv_writer.writerow(columns)

# ---- get data ---

print('url:', url)

driver.get(url)
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)

get_data(driver, csv_writer)

# --- get next url ---

url = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//li[@class="next"]/a').get_attribute("href")

# ---- get data ---

print('url:', url)

driver.get(url)
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)

get_data(driver, csv_writer)

# --- end ---

driver.quit()
f.close()

Answer 2

见

page1_data = name1 + "," + location1 + "," + review_date1 + "," + review_title1  + "," + review_data1  + "\n" 
csv1.write(page1_data)

例如，位置：印度德里已经使用了逗号。如果您像上面那样继续使用逗号，则无法正确解析 csv 文件。

**一种解决方法是将“”放在包含逗号的文本周围。所以在这一步之后，印度德里将变成“\德里，印度”。 **

def preprocess(text):
    if "," in text:
        return '"' + text + '"'
    return text

用函数包装你的每一个文本。

page1_data = preprocess(name1) + "," + preprocess(location1) + "," + preprocess(review_date1) + "," + preprocess(review_title1)  + "," + preprocess(review_data1)  + "\n" 

这应该可行。

另一种方法应该是将分隔符更改为其他字符。

Answer 3

在文本编辑器中查看您的 csv 文件。问题是您的电子表格程序同时解析逗号和空格。

另一个问题是您没有在抓取的数据中考虑逗号。这就是为什么你在不同的单元格中拥有城市和国家。您需要在其中包含逗号的值周围加上引号。