将文本列表格式化为列答案

【问题标题】：Formatting a list of text into columns将文本列表格式化为列
【发布时间】：2010-09-15 08:38:04
【问题描述】：

我正在尝试将字符串值列表输出为 2 列格式。将字符串列表转换为“普通文本”的标准方法是使用 string.join 方法。但是，它只需要 2 个参数，所以我只能使用“\n”创建一个列。我认为尝试创建一个只需在列之间添加一个选项卡的循环就可以了，但逻辑无法正常工作。

我找到了一个 ActiveState page，它的操作方式相当复杂，但它是 4 年前的。现在有简单的方法吗？

编辑这是我要使用的列表。

skills_defs = ["ACM:Aircraft Mechanic", "BC:Body Combat", "BIO:Biology",
    "CBE:Combat Engineer", "CHM:Chemistry", "CMP:Computers", 
    "CRM:Combat Rifeman", "CVE:Civil Engineer", "DIS:Disguise",
    "ELC:Electronics","EQ:Equestrian", "FO:Forward Observer",
    "FOR:Forage", "FRG:Forgery", "FRM:Farming", "FSH:Fishing",
    "GEO:Geology", "GS:Gunsmith", "HW:Heavy Weapons", "IF:Indirect Fire",
    "INS:Instruction", "INT:Interrogation", "JP:Jet Pilot", "LB:Longbow",
    "LAP:Light Aircraft Pilot", "LCG:Large Caliber Gun", "LNG:Language",
    "LP:Lockpick", "MC:Melee Combat", "MCY:Motorcycle", "MEC:Mechanic",
    "MED:Medical", "MET:Meterology", "MNE:Mining Engineer",
    "MTL:Metallurgy", "MTN:Mountaineering", "NWH:Nuclear Warhead",
    "PAR:Parachute", "PST:Pistol", "RCN:Recon", "RWP:Rotary Wing Pilot",
    "SBH:Small Boat Handling","SCD:Scuba Diving", "SCR:Scrounging",
    "SWM:Swimming", "TW:Thrown Weapon", "TVD:Tracked Vehicle Driver",
    "WVD:Wheeled Vehicle Driver"]

我只想将此列表输出为简单的 2 列格式以减少空间。理想情况下，列之间应该有标准数量的空间，但我可以使用它。

ACM:Aircraft Mechanic        BC:Body Combat 
BIO:Biology         CBE:Combat Engineer 
CHM:Chemistry       CMP:Computers
CRM:Combat Rifeman      CVE:Civil Engineer 
DIS:Disguise            ELC:Electronics 
EQ:Equestrian           FO:Forward Observer
FOR:Forage          FRG:Forgery 
FRM:Farming             FSH:Fishing
GEO:Geology             GS:Gunsmith 
HW:Heavy Weapons        IF:Indirect Fire
INS:Instruction             INT:Interrogation 
JP:Jet Pilot            LB:Longbow
 LAP:Light Aircraft Pilot       LCG:Large Caliber Gun 
LNG:Language            LP:Lockpick 
MC:Melee Combat         MCY:Motorcycle 
MEC:Mechanic            MED:Medical 
MET:Meterology      MNE:Mining Engineer
MTL:Metallurgy      MTN:Mountaineering 
NWH:Nuclear Warhead     PAR:Parachute 
PST:Pistol          RCN:Recon 
RWP:Rotary Wing Pilot       SBH:Small Boat Handling 
SCD:Scuba Diving        SCR:Scrounging
SWM:Swimming        TW:Thrown Weapon 
TVD:Tracked Vehicle Driver  WVD:Wheeled Vehicle Driver

【问题讨论】：

能否提供实际输入值和预期输出格式？您的输入列表是什么样的还不是很清楚。

标签： python string formatting

【解决方案1】：

由制表符分隔的两列连接成行。在 itertools 中查找迭代器等效项，以实现节省空间的解决方案。

import string
def fmtpairs(mylist):
    pairs = zip(mylist[::2],mylist[1::2])
    return '\n'.join('\t'.join(i) for i in pairs)

print fmtpairs(list(string.ascii_uppercase))

A   B
C   D
E   F
G   H
I   J
...

糟糕...被 S.Lott 抓住了（谢谢）。

一种更通用的解决方案，可以处理任意数量的列和奇数列表。对S.lott 稍作修改，使用生成器来节省空间。

def fmtcols(mylist, cols):
    lines = ("\t".join(mylist[i:i+cols]) for i in xrange(0,len(mylist),cols))
    return '\n'.join(lines)

【讨论】：

第二部分太棒了！

【解决方案2】：

这行得通

it = iter(skills_defs)
for i in it:
    print('{:<60}{}'.format(i, next(it, "")))

见： String format examples

【讨论】：

【解决方案3】：

篇幅较长，我将其分为两部分。

def columns( skills_defs, cols=2 ):
    pairs = [ "\t".join(skills_defs[i:i+cols]) for i in range(0,len(skills_defs),cols) ]
    return "\n".join( pairs )

显然，它可以作为一个单独的 loooong 语句来完成。

这也适用于奇数个技能。

【讨论】：

【解决方案4】：

这是 gimel 提供的解决方案的扩展，它允许打印等间距的列。

def fmtcols(mylist, cols):
    maxwidth = max(map(lambda x: len(x), mylist))
    justifyList = map(lambda x: x.ljust(maxwidth), mylist)
    lines = (' '.join(justifyList[i:i+cols]) 
             for i in xrange(0,len(justifyList),cols))
    print "\n".join(lines)

返回类似这样的东西

ACM:Aircraft Mechanic BC:Body Combat
BIO:Biology CBE:Combat Engineer
CHM:Chemistry CMP:Computers
CRM:Combat Rifeman CVE:Civil Engineer
DIS:Disguise ELC:Electronics ... ...`

【讨论】：

在我的字符串列表中尝试您的方法时出现此错误：
Traceback (most recent call last): File "tars.py", line 45, in <module> print fmtcols(jobs,3) File "tars.py", line 10, in fmtcols maxwidth = max(map(lambda x: len(x), mylist)) File "tars.py", line 10, in <lambda> maxwidth = max(map(lambda x: len(x), mylist)) TypeError: object of type 'int' has no len()

【解决方案5】：

data = [ ("1","2"),("3","4") ]
print "\n".join(map("\t".join,data))

不如 ActiveState 解决方案灵活，但更短:-)

【讨论】：

这并不能解决问题，只是插入制表符会导致列在内容宽度不同时脱节（如 OP 的“坏”输出示例）
@sidewinderguy 但它很短 :-)
确实很短:)

【解决方案6】：

format_columns 函数应该做你想做的事：

from __future__ import generators
try: import itertools
except ImportError: mymap, myzip= map, zip
else: mymap, myzip= itertools.imap, itertools.izip

def format_columns(string_list, columns, separator=" "):
    "Produce equal-width columns from string_list"
    sublists= []

    # empty_str based on item 0 of string_list
    try:
        empty_str= type(string_list[0])()
    except IndexError: # string_list is empty
        return

    # create a sublist for every column
    for column in xrange(columns):
            sublists.append(string_list[column::columns])

    # find maximum length of a column
    max_sublist_len= max(mymap(len, sublists))

    # make all columns same length
    for sublist in sublists:
         if len(sublist) < max_sublist_len:
             sublist.append(empty_str)

    # calculate a format string for the output lines
    format_str= separator.join(
        "%%-%ds" % max(mymap(len, sublist))
         for sublist in sublists)

    for line_items in myzip(*sublists):
        yield format_str % line_items

if __name__ == "__main__":
    skills_defs = ["ACM:Aircraft Mechanic", "BC:Body Combat", "BIO:Biology",
        "CBE:Combat Engineer", "CHM:Chemistry", "CMP:Computers",
        "CRM:Combat Rifeman", "CVE:Civil Engineer", "DIS:Disguise",
        "ELC:Electronics","EQ:Equestrian", "FO:Forward Observer",
        "FOR:Forage", "FRG:Forgery", "FRM:Farming", "FSH:Fishing",
        "GEO:Geology", "GS:Gunsmith", "HW:Heavy Weapons", "IF:Indirect Fire",
        "INS:Instruction", "INT:Interrogation", "JP:Jet Pilot", "LB:Longbow",
        "LAP:Light Aircraft Pilot", "LCG:Large Caliber Gun", "LNG:Language",
        "LP:Lockpick", "MC:Melee Combat", "MCY:Motorcycle", "MEC:Mechanic",
        "MED:Medical", "MET:Meterology", "MNE:Mining Engineer",
        "MTL:Metallurgy", "MTN:Mountaineering", "NWH:Nuclear Warhead",
        "PAR:Parachute", "PST:Pistol", "RCN:Recon", "RWP:Rotary Wing Pilot",
        "SBH:Small Boat Handling","SCD:Scuba Diving", "SCR:Scrounging",
        "SWM:Swimming", "TW:Thrown Weapon", "TVD:Tracked Vehicle Driver",
        "WVD:Wheeled Vehicle Driver"]

    for line in format_columns(skills_defs, 2):
        print line

这假设您有一个带有可用生成器的 Python。

【讨论】：

【解决方案7】：

我认为其中许多解决方案都将两个不同的东西合二为一。

你想：

能够强制字符串为特定宽度
打印表格

这里有一个非常简单的方法：

import sys

skills_defs = ["ACM:Aircraft Mechanic", "BC:Body Combat", "BIO:Biology",
"CBE:Combat Engineer", "CHM:Chemistry", "CMP:Computers",
"CRM:Combat Rifeman", "CVE:Civil Engineer", "DIS:Disguise",
"ELC:Electronics","EQ:Equestrian", "FO:Forward Observer",
"FOR:Forage", "FRG:Forgery", "FRM:Farming", "FSH:Fishing",
"GEO:Geology", "GS:Gunsmith", "HW:Heavy Weapons", "IF:Indirect Fire",
"INS:Instruction", "INT:Interrogation", "JP:Jet Pilot", "LB:Longbow",
"LAP:Light Aircraft Pilot", "LCG:Large Caliber Gun", "LNG:Language",
"LP:Lockpick", "MC:Melee Combat", "MCY:Motorcycle", "MEC:Mechanic",
"MED:Medical", "MET:Meterology", "MNE:Mining Engineer",
"MTL:Metallurgy", "MTN:Mountaineering", "NWH:Nuclear Warhead",
"PAR:Parachute", "PST:Pistol", "RCN:Recon", "RWP:Rotary Wing Pilot",
"SBH:Small Boat Handling","SCD:Scuba Diving", "SCR:Scrounging",
"SWM:Swimming", "TW:Thrown Weapon", "TVD:Tracked Vehicle Driver",
"WVD:Wheeled Vehicle Driver"]

# The only thing "colform" does is return a modified version of "txt" that is
# ensured to be exactly "width" characters long. It truncates or adds spaces
# on the end as needed.
def colform(txt, width):
    if len(txt) > width:
        txt = txt[:width]
    elif len(txt) < width:
        txt = txt + (" " * (width - len(txt)))
    return txt

# Now that you have colform you can use it to print out columns any way you wish.
# Here's one brain-dead way to print in two columns:
for i in xrange(len(skills_defs)):
    sys.stdout.write(colform(skills_defs[i], 30))
    if i % 2 == 1:
        sys.stdout.write('\n')

【讨论】：

【解决方案8】：

这也可能对您有所帮助。

for i in skills_defs:
if skills_defs.index(i)%2 ==0:
    print(i.ljust(30),end = " ")
else:
    print(i.ljust(30))

【讨论】：