使用 Objective-C 将 HTML 文本转换为纯文本

Question

我有巨大的NSString，里面有 HTML 文本。此字符串的长度超过 3.500.000 个字符。如何将此 HTML 文本转换为 NSString，其中包含纯文本。我正在使用扫描仪，但它工作得太慢了。有什么想法吗？

Answer 1

这取决于您所针对的 iOS 版本。由于 iOS7 有一个内置方法，不仅可以去除 HTML 标签，还可以将格式设置为字符串：

Xcode 9/Swift 4

if let htmlStringData = htmlString.data(using: .utf8), let attributedString = try? NSAttributedString(data: htmlStringData, options: [.documentType : NSAttributedString.DocumentType.html], documentAttributes: nil) {
    print(attributedString)
}

你甚至可以像这样创建一个扩展：

extension String {
    var htmlToAttributedString: NSAttributedString? {
        guard let data = self.data(using: .utf8) else {
            return nil
        }

        do {
            return try NSAttributedString(data: data, options: [.documentType : NSAttributedString.DocumentType.html, .characterEncoding: String.Encoding.utf8.rawValue], documentAttributes: nil)
        } catch {
            print("Cannot convert html string to attributed string: \(error)")
            return nil
        }
    }
}

请注意，此示例代码使用 UTF8 编码。您甚至可以创建一个函数而不是计算属性并将编码添加为参数。

斯威夫特 3

let attributedString = try NSAttributedString(data: htmlString.dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)!,
                                              options: [NSDocumentTypeDocumentAttribute: NSHTMLTextDocumentType],
                                              documentAttributes: nil)

Objective-C

[[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithData:[htmlString dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] options:@{NSDocumentTypeDocumentAttribute: NSHTMLTextDocumentType, NSCharacterEncodingDocumentAttribute: [NSNumber numberWithInt:NSUTF8StringEncoding]} documentAttributes:nil error:nil];

如果您只需要删除 < 和 > 之间的所有内容（肮脏的方式！！！），如果字符串中有这些字符可能会出现问题，请使用：

- (NSString *)stringByStrippingHTML {
   NSRange r;
   NSString *s = [[self copy] autorelease];
   while ((r = [s rangeOfString:@"<[^>]+>" options:NSRegularExpressionSearch]).location != NSNotFound)
     s = [s stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:r withString:@""];
   return s;
}

Answer 2

我用扫描仪解决了我的问题，但我并不是将它用于所有文本。在将所有部分连接在一起之前，我将它用于每 10.000 个文本部分。下面是我的代码

-(NSString *)convertHTML:(NSString *)html {

    NSScanner *myScanner;
    NSString *text = nil;
    myScanner = [NSScanner scannerWithString:html];

    while ([myScanner isAtEnd] == NO) {

        [myScanner scanUpToString:@"<" intoString:NULL] ;

        [myScanner scanUpToString:@">" intoString:&text] ;

        html = [html stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@>", text] withString:@""];
    }
    //
    html = [html stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:[NSCharacterSet whitespaceAndNewlineCharacterSet]];

    return html;
}

斯威夫特 4：

var htmlToString(html:String) -> String {
        var htmlStr =html;
        let scanner:Scanner = Scanner(string: htmlStr);
        var text:NSString? = nil;
        while scanner.isAtEnd == false {
            scanner.scanUpTo("<", into: nil);
            scanner.scanUpTo(">", into: &text);
            htmlStr = htmlStr.replacingOccurrences(of: "\(text ?? "")>", with: "");
        }
        htmlStr = htmlStr.trimmingCharacters(in: CharacterSet.whitespacesAndNewlines);
        return htmlStr;
}

Answer 3

目标 C

+ (NSString*)textToHtml:(NSString*)htmlString
{
    htmlString = [htmlString stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@""" withString:@"\""];
    htmlString = [htmlString stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"'" withString:@"'"];
    htmlString = [htmlString stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"&" withString:@"&"];
    htmlString = [htmlString stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"&lt;" withString:@"<"];
    htmlString = [htmlString stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"&gt;" withString:@">"];
    return htmlString;
}

希望这会有所帮助！

Answer 4

对于 Swift 语言，

NSAttributedString(data:(htmlString as! String).dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding, allowLossyConversion: true
            )!, options:[NSDocumentTypeDocumentAttribute: NSHTMLTextDocumentType, NSCharacterEncodingDocumentAttribute: NSNumber(unsignedLong: NSUTF8StringEncoding)], documentAttributes: nil, error: nil)!

Answer 5

- (NSString *)stringByStrippingHTML:(NSString *)inputString
{
    NSMutableString *outString;

    if (inputString)
    {
        outString = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:inputString];

        if ([inputString length] > 0)
        {
            NSRange r;

            while ((r = [outString rangeOfString:@"<[^>]+>|&nbsp;" options:NSRegularExpressionSearch]).location != NSNotFound)
            {
                [outString deleteCharactersInRange:r];
            }      
        }
    }

    return outString; 
}

Answer 6

斯威夫特 4：

do {
   let cleanString = try NSAttributedString(data: htmlContent.data(using: String.Encoding.utf8)!,
                                                                      options: [NSDocumentTypeDocumentAttribute: NSHTMLTextDocumentType],
                                                                      documentAttributes: nil)
} catch {
    print("Something went wrong")
}

Answer 7

通过传递编码类型作为参数可以更通用，但作为这个类别的例子：

@implementation NSString (CSExtension)

    - (NSString *)htmlToText {
        return [NSAttributedString.alloc
                initWithData:[self dataUsingEncoding:NSUnicodeStringEncoding]
                     options:@{NSDocumentTypeDocumentOption: NSHTMLTextDocumentType}
          documentAttributes:nil error:nil].string;
    }

@end