iOS：如何在不重新启动应用程序的情况下以编程方式更改应用程序语言？

Question

当我在设备语言上独立更改应用程序使用的语言时，在我关闭应用程序并重新启动它之前它不会生效。如何根据所选语言不要求重新启动应用程序以再次加载所有 nib 文件和 .strings 文件？

我使用它在运行时更改语言：

NSArray* languages = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"ar", @"en", nil]; 
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setObject:languages forKey:@"AppleLanguages"];

Answer 1

这对我有用： 斯威夫特 4：

创建一个名为 BundleExtension.swift 的文件，并在其中添加以下代码 -

var bundleKey: UInt8 = 0

class AnyLanguageBundle: Bundle {

override func localizedString(forKey key: String,
                              value: String?,
                              table tableName: String?) -> String {

    guard let path = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &bundleKey) as? String,
        let bundle = Bundle(path: path) else {

            return super.localizedString(forKey: key, value: value, table: tableName)
    }

    return bundle.localizedString(forKey: key, value: value, table: tableName)
  }
}

extension Bundle {

class func setLanguage(_ language: String) {

    defer {

        object_setClass(Bundle.main, AnyLanguageBundle.self)
    }

    objc_setAssociatedObject(Bundle.main, &bundleKey,    Bundle.main.path(forResource: language, ofType: "lproj"), .OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC)
  }
}

现在，当您需要更改语言时，请调用此方法：

func languageButtonAction() {
    // This is done so that network calls now have the Accept-Language as "hi" (Using Alamofire) Check if you can remove these
    UserDefaults.standard.set(["hi"], forKey: "AppleLanguages")
    UserDefaults.standard.synchronize()

    // Update the language by swaping bundle
    Bundle.setLanguage("hi")

    // Done to reintantiate the storyboards instantly
    let storyboard = UIStoryboard.init(name: "Main", bundle: nil)
    UIApplication.shared.keyWindow?.rootViewController = storyboard.instantiateInitialViewController()
}

Answer 2

我对带有选项卡式导航的 Kiosk 模式 iPad 应用程序有类似的要求。该应用程序不仅需要支持即时语言更改，而且必须知道大多数选项卡已经从 nib 加载，因为该应用程序仅在大约每周一次（平均）重新启动时，当一个新的版本已加载。

我尝试了几个建议来利用现有的 Apple 本地化机制，但它们都有严重的缺点，包括 XCode 4.2 中对本地化 nib 的支持不可靠——我的 IBoutlet 连接变量似乎在 IB 中设置正确，但在运行时它们会经常为空！？

我最终实现了一个模仿 Apple NSLocalizedString 类但可以处理运行时更改的类，并且每当用户进行语言更改时，我的类都会发布通知。需要本地化字符串（和图像）来更改的屏幕声明了一个 handleLocaleChange 方法，该方法在 viewDidLoad 处调用，并且在发布 LocaleChangedNotification 时调用。

我的所有按钮和图形都设计为独立于语言，尽管标题文本和标签文本通常会根据区域设置进行更新。如果我必须更改图像，我想我可以在每个屏幕的 handleLocaleChange 方法中这样做。

这里是代码。它包括对 nib/bundle 路径的一些支持，而我在最终项目中实际上并没有使用这些路径。

MyLanguage.h // // MyLanguage.h // //

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

#define DEFAULT_DICTIONARY_FOR_STRINGS                      @""
#define ACCESSING_ALTERNATE_DICTIONARY_SETS_DEFAULT         1

#define LANGUAGE_ENGLISH_INT  0
#define LANGUAGE_SPANISH_INT  1
#define LANGUAGE_ENGLISH_SHORT_ID  @"en"
#define LANGUAGE_SPANISH_SHORT_ID  @"es"

#define LANGUAGE_CHANGED_NOTIFICATION   @"LANGUAGE_CHANGED"


@interface MyLanguage : NSObject
{
    NSString        *currentLanguage;    
    NSDictionary    *currentDictionary;
    NSBundle        *currentLanguageBundle;
}

+(void) setLanguage:(NSString *)languageName;


+(NSString *)stringFor:(NSString *)srcString forLanguage:(NSString *)languageName;
+(NSString *)stringFor:(NSString *)srcString;

+ (MyLanguage *)singleton;

@property (nonatomic, retain) NSBundle        *currentLanguageBundle;
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString        *currentLanguage;    
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSDictionary    *currentDictionary;

@end

MyLanguage.m： // // MyLanguage.m

#import "MyLanguage.h"
#import "Valet.h"

#define GUI_STRING_FILE_POSTFIX   @"GUIStrings.plist"

@implementation MyLanguage

@synthesize currentLanguage;   
@synthesize currentDictionary;
@synthesize currentLanguageBundle;

+(NSDictionary *)getDictionaryNamed:(NSString *)languageName
{
    NSDictionary *results = nil;

    // for now, we store dictionaries in a PLIST with the same name.
    NSString *dictionaryPlistFile = [languageName stringByAppendingString:GUI_STRING_FILE_POSTFIX];

    NSString *plistBundlePath = [Valet getBundlePathForFileName:dictionaryPlistFile];

    if ( [[NSFileManager defaultManager] fileExistsAtPath:plistBundlePath] )
    {
        // read it into a dictionary
        NSDictionary *newDict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:plistBundlePath]; 
        results = [newDict valueForKey:@"languageDictionary"];

    }// end if

    return results;
}

+(NSString *)stringFor:(NSString *)srcString forDictionary:(NSString *)languageName;
{
    MyLanguage *gsObject = [MyLanguage singleton];

    // if default dictionary matches the requested one, use it.
    if ([gsObject.currentLanguage isEqualToString:languageName])
    {
        // use default
        return [MyLanguage stringFor:srcString];
    }// end if
    else
    {
        // get the desired dictionary
        NSDictionary *newDict = [MyLanguage getDictionaryNamed:languageName];

        // default is not desired!
        if (ACCESSING_ALTERNATE_DICTIONARY_SETS_DEFAULT)
        {
            gsObject.currentDictionary = newDict;
            gsObject.currentLanguage = languageName;
            return [MyLanguage stringFor:srcString];
        }// end if
        else
        {
            // use current dictionary for translation.
            NSString *results = [gsObject.currentDictionary valueForKey:srcString];

            if (results == nil)
            {
                return srcString;
            }// end if

            return results;
        }
    }

}

+(void) setLanguage:(NSString *)languageName;
{
    MyLanguage *gsObject = [MyLanguage singleton];

    // for now, we store dictionaries in a PLIST with the same name.
    // get the desired dictionary
    NSDictionary *newDict = [MyLanguage getDictionaryNamed:languageName];

    gsObject.currentDictionary = newDict;
    gsObject.currentLanguage = languageName;   


    // now set up the bundle for nibs
    NSString *shortLanguageIdentifier = @"en";
    if ([languageName contains:@"spanish"] || [languageName contains:@"espanol"] || [languageName isEqualToString:LANGUAGE_SPANISH_SHORT_ID])
    {
        shortLanguageIdentifier = LANGUAGE_SPANISH_SHORT_ID;
    }// end if
    else
        shortLanguageIdentifier = LANGUAGE_ENGLISH_SHORT_ID;

//    NSArray *languages = [NSArray arrayWithObject:shortLanguageIdentifier];
//    [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setObject:languages forKey:@"AppleLanguages"]; 
//    
    NSString *path= [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:shortLanguageIdentifier ofType:@"lproj"];
    NSBundle *languageBundle = [NSBundle bundleWithPath:path];
    gsObject.currentLanguageBundle = languageBundle;


    [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:LANGUAGE_CHANGED_NOTIFICATION object:nil];

}


+(NSString *)stringFor:(NSString *)srcString;
{
    MyLanguage *gsObject = [MyLanguage singleton];
    // default is to do nothing.
    if (gsObject.currentDictionary == nil || gsObject.currentLanguage == nil || [gsObject.currentLanguage isEqualToString:DEFAULT_DICTIONARY_FOR_STRINGS] )
    {
        return srcString;
    }// end if

    // use current dictionary for translation.
    NSString *results = [gsObject.currentDictionary valueForKey:srcString];

    if (results == nil)
    {
        return srcString;
    }// end if


    return results;
}



#pragma mark -
#pragma mark Singleton methods

static MyLanguage *mySharedSingleton = nil;

-(void) lateInit;
{

}

// PUT THIS METHOD DECLARATION INTO THE HEADER
+ (MyLanguage *)singleton;
{
    if (mySharedSingleton == nil) {
        mySharedSingleton = [[super allocWithZone:NULL] init];
        [mySharedSingleton lateInit];
    }
    return mySharedSingleton;
}

+ (id)allocWithZone:(NSZone *)zone
{    return [[self singleton] retain]; }

- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone
{    return self; }

- (id)retain
{    return self; }

- (NSUInteger)retainCount //denotes an object that cannot be released
{    return NSUIntegerMax;  }

- (oneway void)release    //do nothing
{   }

- (id)autorelease
{     return self; }


@end

Answer 3

不要依赖您在 nib 文件中设置的字符串。仅将您的笔尖用于视图的布局和设置。向用户显示的任何字符串（按钮文本等）都需要在 Localizable.strings 文件中，并且当您加载 nib 时，您需要相应地在相应的视图/控件上设置文本。

获取当前语言的捆绑包：

NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:currentLanguage ofType:@"lproj"];
if (path) {
    NSBundle *localeBundle = [NSBundle bundleWithPath:path];
}

并使用捆绑包来获取您的本地化字符串：

NSLocalizedStringFromTableInBundle(stringThatNeedsToBeLocalized, nil, localeBundle, nil);

对于日期格式，您可能需要查看

[NSDateFormatter dateFormatFromTemplate:@"HH:mm:ss"" options:0 locale:locale];

要使用它，您需要为您希望使用的相应语言/国家/地区创建一个 NSLocale。

Answer 4

这就是我所做的。我想诀窍是使用 NSLocalizedStringFromTableInBundle 而不是 NSLocalizedString。

对于所有字符串，使用 this

someLabel.text = NSLocalizedStringFromTableInBundle(@"Your String to be localized, %@",nil,self.localeBundle,@"some context for translators");

要更改语言，请运行此代码

    NSString * language = @"zh-Hans"; //or whatever language you want
    NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:language ofType:@"lproj"];
    if (path) {
        self.localeBundle = [NSBundle bundleWithPath:path];
    }
    else {
        self.localeBundle = [NSBundle bundleWithPath:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"en" ofType:@"lproj"] ];
    }

在此之后，您可能需要调用任何更新代码来将字符串更新为新语言，例如再次运行它

someLabel.text = NSLocalizedStringFromTableInBundle(@"Your String to be localized, %@",nil,self.localeBundle,@"some context for translators");

仅此而已。无需重启应用程序。也与系统设置兼容（如果您通过 iOS 设置设置语言，它也可以工作）。不需要外部库。不需要越狱。它也适用于 genstrings。

当然，您仍应照常执行以使您的应用设置保持不变：

[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setObject:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"zh-Hans", nil] forKey:@"AppleLanguages"];
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] synchronize];

（并检查您的 viewDidLoad 或其他内容）

NSString * language = [[NSLocale preferredLanguages] objectAtIndex:0];
    NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:language ofType:@"lproj"];
    if (path) {
        self.localeBundle = [NSBundle bundleWithPath:path];
    }
    else {
        self.localeBundle = [NSBundle bundleWithPath:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"en" ofType:@"lproj"] ];
    }

Answer 5

您应该创建类似于 NSLocalizedString 的自己的宏，但它基于您设置的 NSUserDefaults 值来选择字符串（即不要担心苹果语言默认值的值）

当您更改语言时，您应该发送通知，哪些视图控制器、视图等应该监听并刷新自己