如何使用 Selenium 获取动态网站内容？答案

【问题标题】：How to get the dynamic website content using Selenium?如何使用 Selenium 获取动态网站内容？
【发布时间】：2021-01-06 17:19:55
【问题描述】：

我正在尝试使用 selenium 抓取动态 website，但无法使用 selenium 获取网站内容。

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
driver = webdriver.Chrome(ChromeDriverManager().install())
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import time

url = 'https://www.aodour.pk/brand/hemani'
driver.get(url)
time.sleep(30) #for loading the page properly
html_js     = driver.page_source

#driver.find_element_by_tag_name('body').send_keys(Keys.ESCAPE)
#I tried to skip the AD but didn't know why not it skip the AD

driver.get(url) #try to reload the page again (for skipped the Ad)
time.sleep(30)
soup         = BeautifulSoup(html_js,'html.parser')

我有两个问题。

为什么我没有得到页面内容？
为什么 ESCAPE 键不适合我？

【问题讨论】：

标签： python selenium selenium-webdriver web-scraping webdriverwait

【解决方案1】：

我建议不要将 time.sleep() 与 selenium 一起使用。而是可以使用 WebDriverWait/presence_of_element_located()：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

DELAY = 30
wd = webdriver.Chrome("<PATH_TO_CHROME_DRIVER>")

wd.maximize_window()
url = 'https://www.aodour.pk/brand/hemani'
wd.get(url)

try:
    # waiting for pop-up
    landing_popup = WebDriverWait(wd, DELAY).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, 'landing_popup')))
    # waiting for loader to vanish
    page_loader = WebDriverWait(wd, DELAY).until_not(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, 'pageloader')))
    # waiting for button to be clickable
    close_button = WebDriverWait(wd, DELAY).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, '//button[./span[contains(@class, "icon-close")]]')))
    wd.execute_script("arguments[0].click();", close_button)
    print("Ad skipped")
except TimeoutException:
    print("Ad pop-up didn't appeared")
except Exception as e:
    print("Error: " + str(e))


html = wd.page_source
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')

print(soup)

【讨论】：

现在广告被跳过了，这对我来说很棒。但这实际上并没有呈现网站内容。我的意思是不显示产品的细节。汤返回我的 JS 文件内容。感谢您的支持
您要检索哪些产品详细信息？汤变量将包含带有产品详细信息链接的 HTML 代码。您可以通过类名“产品内容”获取它们，并从这些元素中找到提取文本，获取产品名称。使用 selenium，您可以单击此链接并导航到包含产品描述的页面。
嗨亚历山德拉，我想从 URL('aodour.pk/subcategory/face-treatments') 中跳过广告，我应用了同样的方法，但无法跳过它。你能详细说明一下吗？

【解决方案2】：

尝试以下使用 python 的方法 - requests 简单、直接、可靠、快速且在处理请求时需要更少的代码。在检查了 google chrome 浏览器的网络部分后，我从网站本身获取了 API URL。

下面的脚本到底在做什么：

首先，它会为传递的 slug 或查询参数创建 URL，在您的情况下，它是产品名称，例如 'hemani'
创建 URL 后，将发送一个 GET 请求，然后将查询参数中提到的产品的详细信息作为 JSON 对象提供给我们。
获取数据后，脚本将使用 json.loads 库解析 JSON 数据。

最后它会一个一个地遍历整个列表并打印你现在在脚本中提到或提到的细节，你可以根据需要在下面的打印语句中更改或添加信息。

import json
import requests
from urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning
requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings(InsecureRequestWarning)

def scrap_brand_data():

SLUG = 'hemani' # dynamic parameter change as per your need
print('Creating URL for product ',SLUG)
URL = 'https://nodeapi.aodour.pk/api/brand/products?slug=' + SLUG #GET API URL fetched from the website
print('URL created going to fetch data..')

response = requests.get(URL,verify=False) #create request and get data
extracted_data = json.loads(response.text) #parse the JSON object using JSON loads

for data in extracted_data['result']['products']: #iterate on each and every object and print the details
    print('-' * 100)
    print('Brand Id: ',data['brandID'])
    print('Brand Name: ',data['brandName'])
    print('Brand Slug: ',data['brandSlug'])
    print('Category Name: ',data['categoryName'])
    print('Product Id: ',data['id'])
    print('Product Name: ',data['name'])
    print('Product Rating: ',data['rating'])
    print('Product Info: ',data['slug'])
    print('Product Name: ',data['name'])
    print('Brand Id: ',data['brandID'])
    print('Variations: ',data['variations'])
    print('-' * 100)

scrap_brand_data()

【讨论】：

太好了！它太短而且很容易。但是我们可以下载带有请求的书籍吗？检查这个stackoverflow.com/questions/63871807/…
什么是书籍？网站上有与书籍相关的产品吗？抱歉没能准确了解您
不，你不能使用请求下载 PDF 文件，你必须使用 selenium 来做到这一点。

【解决方案3】：

网站是通过ReactJS构建的动态网站。因此，要使用Selenium 检索动态网站内容，您需要为element_to_be_clickable() 诱导WebDriverWait 并关闭横幅元素，您可以使用以下Locator Strategy：

代码块：

driver.get('https://www.aodour.pk/brand/hemani')
WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, "//div[@class='landing_popup']/button/span[@data-dismiss='modal']"))).click()
print(driver.page_source)
driver.quit()

注意：您必须添加以下导入：

from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

控制台输出：

<html lang="en" class=""><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name="theme-color" content="#000000"><title>WB By Hemani Products in Pakistan</title>
.
<div class="logo res"><a href="/track-order"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/aodour_v1/website/track_icon.png" alt="img here"></a></div><div class="navigation-menu center"><nav><ul><li><a href="/"> Home</a></li><li><a href="/">Brands</a><div class="mega-menu"><div class="mega-content"><div class="list-column side-list"><h6 class="mb14">Brand A-Z</h6><h6>New Brands</h6><ul class="list"><li><a href="/brand/loreal">L'Oréal</a></li><li><a href="/brand/kerastase">Kerastase</a></li><li><a href="/brand/hemani">WB By Hemani</a></li><li><a href="/brand/beauty_blender">Beauty Blender</a></li><li><a href="/brand/loreal-professional">L'ORÉAL Professional</a></li></ul><h6>Featured Brands</h6><ul class="list"><li><a href="/brand/the-ordinary">The Ordinary</a></li><li><a href="/brand/some-by-mi">Some By Mi</a></li><li><a href="/brand/soap-glory">Soap&amp;Glory</a></li><li><a href="/brand/milani">Milani</a></li><li><a href="/brand/mario-badescu">Mario Badescu</a></li></ul></div><div class="tab-mega"><div class="search-filter"><div class="row"><div class="col-md-12"><div class="search_items"><ul class="list"><li><a href="/brand/a-h-c">A.H.C</a></li><li><a href="/brand/adidas">Adidas</a></li><li><a href="/brand/anastasia">Anastasia</a></li><li><a href="/brand/art-deco">Art Deco</a></li><li><a href="/brand/astra-make-up">Astra Make-Up</a></li><li><a href="/brand/aura-crafts">Aura Crafts</a></li><li><a href="/brand/auragano">Auragano</a></li><li><a href="/brand/aussie">Aussie</a></li><li><a href="/brand/aztec-secret">Aztec Secret</a></li><li><a href="/brand/barry-m">Barry M</a></li><li><a href="/brand/beauty-buffet">Beauty Buffet</a></li><li><a href="/brand/beauty-uk">Beauty Uk</a></li><li><a href="/brand/benefit">Benefit</a></li><li><a href="/brand/bh-cosmetics">BH Cosmetics</a></li><li><a href="/brand/biore">Biore</a></li><li><a href="/brand/bnatural">Bnatural</a></li><li><a href="/brand/bnatural-beauty">Bnatural Beauty</a></li><li><a href="/brand/bobbi-brown">Bobbi Brown</a></li><li><a href="/brand/boots">Boots</a></li><li><a href="/brand/botanical-wonders">Botanical Wonders</a></li><li><a href="/brand/bourjois">Bourjois</a></li><li><a href="/brand/burts-bees">Burt's Bees</a></li><li><a href="/brand/cailyn">Cailyn</a></li><li><a href="/brand/chanel">Chanel</a></li><li><a href="/brand/christian-dior">Christian Dior</a></li><li><a href="/brand/city-color">City Color</a></li><li><a href="/brand/clarins">Clarins</a></li><li><a href="/brand/clinique">Clinique</a></li><li><a href="/brand/co-natural">Co Natural</a></li><li><a href="/brand/color-studio-professional">Color Studio Pakistan</a></li><li><a href="/brand/colourpop">ColourPop</a></li><li><a href="/brand/comfort-zone">Comfort Zone</a></li><li><a href="/brand/cosrx">Cosrx</a></li><li><a href="/brand/coty-airspun">Coty Airspun</a></li><li><a href="/brand/dari-mooch">Dari Mooch</a></li><li><a href="/brand/dermalogica">Dermalogica</a></li><li><a href="/brand/dermatix">Dermatix</a></li><li><a href="/brand/double-dare">Double Dare</a></li><li><a href="/brand/drg">Dr.G</a></li><li><a href="/brand/dr-jart">Dr.Jart+</a></li><li><a href="/brand/drs">DRS</a></li><li><a href="/brand/elf-cosmetics">ELF</a></li><li><a href="/brand/essence">Essence</a></li><li><a href="/brand/estee-lauder">Estee Lauder</a></li><li><a href="/brand/etude-house">Etude House</a></li><li><a href="/brand/eveline">Eveline</a></li><li><a href="/brand/fara">FA'RA</a></li><li><a href="/brand/femfresh">Femfresh</a></li><li><a href="/brand/first-aid-beauty">First Aid Beauty</a></li><li><a href="/brand/focallure">Focallure</a></li><li><a href="/brand/framesi">Framesi</a></li><li><a href="/brand/gabrini">Gabrini</a></li><li><a href="/brand/garnier">Garnier</a></li><li><a href="/brand/glam-glow">Glam Glow</a></li><li><a href="/brand/glow-recipe">Glow Recipe</a></li><li><a href="/brand/go-natural">Go Natural</a></li><li><a href="/brand/gosh">Gosh</a></li><li><a href="/brand/hair-energy">Hair Energy</a></li><li><a href="/brand/huda-beauty">Huda Beauty</a></li><li><a href="/brand/imdk">IMDK</a></li><li><a href="/brand/innisfree">Innisfree</a></li><li><a href="/brand/it-s-skin">ITS SKIN</a></li><li><a href="/brand/janssen">Janssen</a></li><li><a href="/brand/jayjun">Jayjun</a></li><li><a href="/brand/john-frieda">John Frieda</a></li><li><a href="/brand/jovan">Jovan</a></li><li><a href="/brand/aodour">JR</a></li><li><a href="/brand/just-for-men">Just For Men</a></li><li><a href="/brand/kerastase">Kerastase</a></li><li><a href="/brand/kiehls">Kiehls</a></li><li><a href="/brand/kinimo-cosmetics">Kinimo Cosmetics</a></li><li><a href="/brand/knc-beauty">KNC BEAUTY</a></li><li><a href="/brand/kryolan">Kryolan</a></li><li><a href="/brand/l-a-girl">L.A Girl</a></li><li><a href="/brand/loreal">L'Oréal</a></li><li><a href="/brand/loreal-professional">L'ORÉAL Professional</a></li><li><a href="/brand/lakme">Lakme</a></li><li><a href="/brand/lancome">Lancome</a></li><li><a href="/brand/laneige">Laneige</a></li><li><a href="/brand/luscious">Luscious</a></li><li><a href="/brand/mac">MAC</a></li><li><a href="/brand/makeup-forever">Makeup Forever</a></li><li><a href="/brand/mario-badescu">Mario Badescu</a></li><li><a href="/brand/max-factor">Max Factor</a></li><li><a href="/brand/maybelline">Maybelline</a></li><li><a href="/brand/mediheal">Mediheal</a></li><li><a href="/brand/milani">Milani</a></li><li><a href="/brand/miniso">Miniso</a></li><li><a href="/brand/mise-en-scene">Misen En Scene</a></li><li><a href="/brand/missha">Missha</a></li><li><a href="/brand/misslyn">Misslyn</a></li><li><a href="/brand/mistine">Mistine</a></li><li><a href="/brand/morphe">Morphe</a></li><li><a href="/brand/mua">MUA</a></li><li><a href="/brand/nars">NARS</a></li><li><a href="/brand/natural-fervor-vitamin">Natural Fervor Vitamin</a></li><li><a href="/brand/neutrogena">Neutrogena</a></li><li><a href="/brand/nexton">Nexton</a></li><li><a href="/brand/nisim">Nisim</a></li><li><a href="/brand/nutrifactor">NutriFactor</a></li><li><a href="/brand/nyx">NYX</a></li><li><a href="/brand/ogx">OGX</a></li><li><a href="/brand/origins">Origins</a></li><li><a href="/brand/ostruce">Ostruce</a></li><li><a href="/brand/papa-recipe">Papa Recipe</a></li><li><a href="/brand/paul-mitchell">Paul Mitchell</a></li><li><a href="/brand/phb-ethical-beauty">PHB Ethical Beauty</a></li><li><a href="/brand/pixi">Pixi</a></li><li><a href="/brand/redken">Redken</a></li><li><a href="/brand/ren">REN</a></li><li><a href="/brand/rimmel-london">Rimmel London</a></li><li><a href="/brand/rohto">Rohto</a></li><li><a href="/brand/sampure">Sampure</a></li><li><a href="/brand/sand-sky">Sand &amp; Sky</a></li><li><a href="/brand/sephora">SEPHORA</a></li><li><a href="/brand/shangpree">Shangpree</a></li><li><a href="/brand/shine-k">Shine K</a></li><li><a href="/brand/shiseido">Shiseido</a></li><li><a href="/brand/simple-r">Simple</a></li><li><a href="/brand/skin-nature">Skin Nature</a></li><li><a href="/brand/smash-box">Smash Box</a></li><li><a href="/brand/soap-glory">Soap&amp;Glory</a></li><li><a href="/brand/some-by-mi">Some By Mi</a></li><li><a href="/brand/spa-in-a-bottle">SPA In A Bottle</a></li><li><a href="/brand/st-london">St. London</a></li><li><a href="/brand/st-ives">St.Ives</a></li><li><a href="/brand/stageline">Stageline</a></li><li><a href="/brand/stila">Stila</a></li><li><a href="/brand/superdrug">Superdrug</a></li><li><a href="/brand/t-zone">T Zone</a></li><li><a href="/brand/tarte">Tarte</a></li><li><a href="/brand/thayers">Thayers</a></li><li><a href="/brand/the-body-shop">The Body Shop</a></li><li><a href="/brand/the-face-shop">The Face Shop</a></li><li><a href="/brand/the-inkey-list">The Inkey List</a></li><li><a href="/brand/the-ordinary">The Ordinary</a></li><li><a href="/brand/thursday-plantation">Thursday Plantation</a></li><li><a href="/brand/tiam">TIAM</a></li><li><a href="/brand/trilogy">Trilogy</a></li><li><a href="/brand/true">True</a></li><li><a href="/brand/truly-komal">Truly Komal</a></li><li><a href="/brand/urban-decay">Urban Decay</a></li><li><a href="/brand/versus">Versus</a></li><li><a href="/brand/vichy">Vichy</a></li><li><a href="/brand/vince">Vince</a></li><li><a href="/brand/hemani">WB By Hemani</a></li><li><a href="/brand/wet-wild">Wet &amp; Wild</a></li><li><a href="/brand/wet-brush">Wet Brush</a></li><li><a href="/brand/white">White</a></li><li><a href="/brand/xhekpon">Xhekpon</a></li><li><a href="/brand/zara">Zara</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li><a href="/">Products</a><div class="mega-menu"><div class="mega-content"><ul class="nav nav-list"><li class="active"><a href="/shop/skin-care"> Skin Care </a></li><li class=""><a href="/shop/make-up"> Make Up </a></li><li class=""><a href="/shop/bath-body"> Bath &amp; Body </a></li><li class=""><a href="/shop/hair"> Hair </a></li><li class=""><a href="/shop/health"> Health </a></li><li class=""><a href="/shop/fragrance"> Fragrance </a></li><li class=""><a href="/shop/baby-mother-care"> Baby &amp; Mother Care </a></li><li class=""><a href="/shop/personal-care"> Personal Care </a></li><li class=""><a href="/shop/textile"> Textile </a></li><li class=""><a href="/shop/life-department"> Home &amp; Life Style </a></li><li class=""><a href="/shop/bags-accessories"> Watch, Bags &amp; Fashion </a></li><li class=""><a href="/shop/electronics-electrical-appliances"> Electronics &amp; Appliances </a></li></ul><div class="tab-mega"><div class="row"><div class="col-lg-8 col-md-8 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"><div class="row"><div class="col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4 col-xs-12"><div class="list-column"><a href="/subcategory/value-gift-sets-3"><h6>Value &amp; Gift Set</h6></a><ul class="list"><li><a href="/shop/skin-care/skin-care-kit-1">Skin Care Set</a></li></ul></div><div class="list-column"><a href="/subcategory/moisturizers"><h6>Moisturizers</h6></a><ul class="list"><li><a href="/shop/skin-care/moisturizer-1">Moisturizer</a></li><li><a href="/shop/skin-care/night-creams">Night Cream</a></li><li><a href="/shop/skin-care/face-oils">Face Oil</a></li><li><a href="/shop/skin-care/mists-essences">Mist &amp; Essence</a></li></ul></div><div class="list-column"><a href="/subcategory/sun-care"><h6>Sun Care</h6></a><ul class="list"><li><a href="/shop/skin-care/face-sunscreen">Face Sunscreen</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4 col-xs-12"><div class="list-column"><a href="/subcategory/face-treatments"><h6>Face Treatment</h6></a><ul class="list"><li><a href="/shop/skin-care/serums-essence">Face Serum</a></li><li><a href="/shop/skin-care/blemish-acne-treatments">Blemish &amp; Acne Treatment</a></li><li><a href="/shop/skin-care/anti-aging-creams">Anti Aging Cream</a></li><li><a href="/shop/skin-care/lightning-brightening">Lightning &amp; Brightening</a></li></ul></div><div class="list-column"><a href="/subcategory/high-tech-tools"><h6>High Tech Tool</h6></a><ul class="list"><li><a href="/shop/skin-care/cleansing">Facial Cleansing</a></li><li><a href="/shop/skin-care/hair-removal">Hair Removal</a></li><li><a href="/shop/skin-care/massagers">Facial Massager</a></li><li><a href="/shop/skin-care/facial-rollers">Facial Roller</a></li><li><a href="/shop/skin-care/facial-steamer">Facial Steamer</a></li></ul></div><div class="list-column"><a href="/subcategory/masks"><h6>Mask</h6></a><ul class="list"><li><a href="/shop/skin-care/face-masks">Face Mask</a></li><li><a href="/shop/skin-care/sheet-masks">Sheet Mask</a></li><li><a href="/shop/skin-care/foot-masks">Foot Mask</a></li><li><a href="/shop/skin-care/hand-masks">Hand Mask</a></li><li><a href="/shop/skin-care/nose-strips">Nose Strip</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4 col-xs-12"><div class="list-column"><a href="/subcategory/eye-care"><h6>Eye Care</h6></a><ul class="list"><li><a href="/shop/skin-care/eye-masks">Eye Mask</a></li><li><a href="/shop/skin-care/eye-creams-treatments">Eye Cream &amp; Treatment</a></li><li><a href="/shop/skin-care/eye-serums">Eye Serum</a></li></ul></div><div class="list-column"><a href="/subcategory/cleanser"><h6>Cleansers</h6></a><ul class="list"><li><a href="/shop/skin-care/scrub-4">Exfoliator</a></li><li><a href="/shop/skin-care/makeup-removers">Makeup Remover</a></li><li><a href="/shop/skin-care/cleansers">Face Wash &amp; Cleanser</a></li><li><a href="/shop/skin-care/cleansing-wipes">Cleansing Wipe</a></li><li><a href="/shop/skin-care/toners">Toner</a></li></ul></div><div class="list-column"><a href="/subcategory/lip-treatment"><h6>Lip Treatment</h6></a><ul class="list"><li><a href="/shop/skin-care/lip-care">Lip Balm &amp; Treatment</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4 col-xs-12 "><div class="list-column mb20"><figure><a href="https://www.aodour.pk/brand/neutrogena" target="_blank"><img src="/assets/images/categorymenu.jpg" 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