查找模式的所有匹配项并在文本中替换它们

Question

我的模式如下：

measurement = re.compile("(\d+(?:\.\d*)?)\s*x\s*(\d+(?:\.\d*)?)\s*(cm|mm|millimeter|centimeter|millimeters|centimeters)")

在一个句子和一个文档中可以多次看到。我想找到所有匹配项并将其替换为“MEASUREMENT”，还想将其值添加到列表中。

**Input_Text**: measuring 9 x 5 mm and previously measuring 8 x 6 mm

**Output**: measuring MEASUREMENT and previously measuring MEASUREMENT

**List**: 9 x 5 mm, 8 x 6 mm

到目前为止，我的代码如下，但它只带来了第一个匹配项：

result = re.search(measurement, Input_Text)
                    if result:
                        Input_Text = Input_Text.replace(result, "MEASUREMENT") 

Answer 1

您可以使用re.sub() 进行替换，使用re.findall() 获取所有匹配的字符串。

measurement = re.compile("(\d+(?:\.\d*)?)\s*x\s*(\d+(?:\.\d*)?)\s*(cm|mm|millimeter|centimeter|millimeters|centimeters)")

text = "measuring 9 x 5 mm and previously measuring 8 x 6 mm"

values = re.findall(pattern=measurement, string=text)

sub_text = re.sub(pattern=measurement, string=text, repl='MEASUREMENT')

>>> sub_text
'measuring MEASUREMENT and previously measuring MEASUREMENT'

>>> values
[('9', '5', 'mm'), ('8', '6', 'mm')]

Answer 2

如果你不想解析你的字符串两次，你可以使用 re.sub 和一个函数作为替换参数。使用此功能，您可以轻松填充匹配字符串的列表。

pat = re.compile(r'\d+(?:\.\d*)?\s*x\s*\d+(?:\.\d*)?\s*(?:cm|mm|millimeters?|centimeters?)')

s = r'measuring 9 x 5 mm and previously measuring 8 x 6 mm'

l = []

def repl(m):
    l.append(m.group(0))
    return 'MEASUREMENT'

s = pat.sub(repl, s)