在 matplotlib 中更新图形坐标答案

【问题标题】：Updating a graphs coordinates in matplotlib在 matplotlib 中更新图形坐标
【发布时间】：2011-04-22 02:57:35
【问题描述】：

我在下面的代码将绘制一个球体，它的比例由 prop 定义，我想要这样当按下按钮时 prop 的值更改为 5 并相应调整图表。我该怎么做？

我知道 tkinter 有 .configure()，它允许调整小部件设置。我正在寻找类似的东西，以便我可以重新配置我的情节。

#!/usr/bin/env python
import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('TkAgg')


from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import  axes3d,Axes3D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import cm
import numpy as np
from numpy import arange, sin, pi
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg, NavigationToolbar2TkAgg
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
from matplotlib.ticker import LinearLocator, FixedLocator, FormatStrFormatter

import Tkinter
import sys

class E(Tkinter.Tk):
    def __init__(self,parent):
        Tkinter.Tk.__init__(self,parent)
        self.parent = parent


        self.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.dest)
        self.main()

    def main(self):
        self.fig = plt.figure()
        self.fig = plt.figure(figsize=(3.5,3.5))
        ax = Axes3D(self.fig)


        prop = 10

        u = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 100)
        v = np.linspace(0, np.pi, 100)

        x = prop * np.outer(np.cos(u), np.sin(v))
        y = prop * np.outer(np.sin(u), np.sin(v))
        z = prop * np.outer(np.ones(np.size(u)), np.cos(v))





        t = ax.plot_surface(x, y, z,  rstride=4, cstride=4,color='lightgreen',linewidth=0)




        self.frame = Tkinter.Frame(self)
        self.frame.pack(padx=15,pady=15)

        self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig, master=self.frame)

        self.canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(side='top', fill='both')


        self.canvas._tkcanvas.pack(side='top', fill='both', expand=1)

        self.toolbar = NavigationToolbar2TkAgg( self.canvas, self )
        self.toolbar.update()
        self.toolbar.pack()

        self.btn = Tkinter.Button(self,text='button',command=self.alt)
        self.btn.pack(ipadx=250)

    def alt (self):
        prop = 5
    def dest(self):
        self.destroy()
        sys.exit()



if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = E(None)
    app.title('Embedding in TK')
    app.mainloop()

【问题讨论】：

标签： python matplotlib tkinter

【解决方案1】：

修改E类中的main函数：

 def main(self):
        self.fig = plt.figure()
        self.fig = plt.figure(figsize=(3.5,3.5))

        self.frame = Tkinter.Frame(self)
        self.frame.pack(padx=15,pady=15)

        self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig, master=self.frame)

        self.canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(side='top', fill='both')

        self.canvas._tkcanvas.pack(side='top', fill='both', expand=1)

        self.toolbar = NavigationToolbar2TkAgg( self.canvas, self )
        self.toolbar.update()
        self.toolbar.pack()

        self.btn = Tkinter.Button(self,text='button',command=self.alt)
        self.btn.pack(ipadx=250)

        self.draw_sphere()

函数alt是：

 def alt (self):
        self.draw_sphere(5)

并添加新函数draw_sphere（也在E类中）：

 def draw_sphere(self, prop=10):
        self.fig.clear()
        ax = Axes3D(self.fig)

        u = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 100)
        v = np.linspace(0, np.pi, 100)

        x = prop * np.outer(np.cos(u), np.sin(v))
        y = prop * np.outer(np.sin(u), np.sin(v))
        z = prop * np.outer(np.ones(np.size(u)), np.cos(v))

        t = ax.plot_surface(x, y, z, rstride=4, cstride=4,color='lightgreen',linewidth=0)
        self.canvas.draw()

【讨论】：

它有效，但我注意到按下按钮后，轨道性能似乎急剧下降。我相信这是因为它只是在旧的球体上画了另一个球体。有什么办法可以抹掉旧球体？
奇怪，我还以为原来的剧情完全抹杀了。将 fig.clear() 放在 draw_sphere 函数之上可能会有所帮助。
谢谢，是的，这就是问题所在。感谢您的帮助，现在我的一个项目终于可以向前推进了。

【解决方案2】：

这是更新后的代码，可在 python v3.9 和 Matplotlib 3.4 中使用

#!/usr/bin/env python

import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('TkAgg')


from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import  axes3d,Axes3D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import cm
import numpy as np
from numpy import arange, sin, pi
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg, NavigationToolbar2Tk
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
from matplotlib.ticker import LinearLocator, FixedLocator, FormatStrFormatter

import tkinter as tk
import sys

class E(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self,parent):
        tk.Tk.__init__(self,parent)
        self.parent = parent


        self.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.dest)
        self.main()

    def main(self):
        self.fig = plt.figure()
        self.fig = plt.figure(figsize=(3.5,3.5))

        self.frame = tk.Frame(self)
        self.frame.pack(padx=15,pady=15)

        self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig, master=self.frame)

        self.canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(side='top', fill='both')

        self.canvas._tkcanvas.pack(side='top', fill='both', expand=1)

        self.toolbar = NavigationToolbar2Tk( self.canvas, self )
        self.toolbar.update()
        self.toolbar.pack()

        self.btn = tk.Button(self,text='button',command=self.alt)
        self.btn.pack(ipadx=250)

        self.draw_sphere()

    def alt (self):
        self.draw_sphere(5)
    def dest(self):
        self.destroy()
        sys.exit()
    def draw_sphere(self, prop=10):
        self.fig.clear()
        ax = Axes3D(self.fig, auto_add_to_figure=False)
        self.fig.add_axes(ax)

        u = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 100)
        v = np.linspace(0, np.pi, 100)

        x = prop * np.outer(np.cos(u), np.sin(v))
        y = prop * np.outer(np.sin(u), np.sin(v))
        z = prop * np.outer(np.ones(np.size(u)), np.cos(v))

        t = ax.plot_surface(x, y, z, rstride=4, cstride=4,color='lightgreen',linewidth=0)
        self.canvas.draw()



if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = E(None)
    app.title('Embedding in TK')
    app.mainloop()

【讨论】：