基本上,您是在询问有关读取 csv 文件并将其拆分为令牌的问题。如果你在 SO 上搜索这个,你会发现很多帖子都解释了如何做。
但在你的情况下,它可能更简单。如果保证源文件具有上述格式,逗号前后没有额外的空格,那么您可以使用流的标准提取器机制。您只需将逗号读入一个虚拟变量。这可能看起来像:
// What we want to read
char gender{};
unsigned int age{};
std::string name{};
// This is a dummy
char comma{};
while (testDataStream >> gender >> comma >> age >> comma >> name) {
这将读取变量gender 中的第一个字符,然后读取逗号并将其放入comma 变量中。这我们根本不会使用。然后,我们将继续以相同的方式提取更多的值。
如果源文件的结构不同,将无法工作。例如,如果第一个变量是std::string,那么testDataStream >> someString 将读取完整的行直到下一个空格。但是,对于现有的结构,它会起作用。
无论如何,您也可以使用不同的功能,在输入格式错误的情况下,它会为您提供更多的安全性。也就是说,首先读取一个完整的行,然后将其放入std::istringstream 并从中提取数据。
如果您有完全不同的数据结构,那么您可能会使用带有分隔符的std::getline 或std::regex_token_iterator 的方法。但这对这里来说太过分了。
此外,您显然有一个类层次结构。并且您基于在运行时读取的值创建派生类。这通常通过抽象工厂模式来解决。
我创建了一个可行的示例,您可以在其中看到所有这些机制。请注意:我将不对字符串使用纯 C 样式 char 数组。而且,我将从不对拥有的内存使用原始指针。为此应使用智能指针。
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <memory>
#include <map>
#include <functional>
std::istringstream testDataStream(R"(F,21,Hazel
M,49,Stephen)");
// Abstract base class "Person"
struct Person {
// Constructor
Person(const unsigned int a, const std::string& n) : age(a), name(n) {}
// Do not forget the virtual destructor
virtual ~Person() { std::cout << "Destructor Base\n\n\n"; }
// The data: name and age
unsigned int age{};
std::string name{};
// Since the inserter is not none member function, we will write
// a separate virtual function to do the job polymorph
virtual std::ostream& output(std::ostream& os) const = 0;
// Inserter, will call our internal output function
friend std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& os, const Person& p) {
return p.output(os);
}
};
// Derived class for a male Person
struct Male : public Person {
// Constructor
Male(const unsigned int age, const std::string& name) : Person(age, name) {}
virtual ~Male() { std::cout << "Destructor Male\n"; }
// And output
virtual std::ostream& output(std::ostream& os) const override {
return os << "Male Person:\nAge:\t" << age << "\nName:\t" << name << '\n';
}
};
// Derived class for a female Person
struct Female : public Person {
// Constructor
Female(const unsigned int age, const std::string& name) : Person(age, name) {}
virtual ~Female() { std::cout << "Destructor Female\n"; }
// And output
virtual std::ostream& output(std::ostream& os) const override {
return os << "Female Person:\nAge:\t" << age << "\nName:\t" << name << '\n';
}
};
// "Creation" Functions for abstract factory
std::unique_ptr<Person> createMale(const unsigned int age, const std::string& name) { return std::make_unique<Male>(age, name); }
std::unique_ptr<Person> createFemale(const unsigned int age, const std::string& name) { return std::make_unique<Female>(age, name); }
// Abstract factory
struct AbstractFactory {
// Abbreviation for finding
using Map = std::map<char, std::function<std::unique_ptr<Person>(const unsigned int, const std::string&)>>;
Map creationFunctions{
{'F', createFemale },
{'M', createMale }
};
std::unique_ptr<Person> create(const char selector, const unsigned int age, const std::string& name) {
// If the selector is in the map
if (Map::iterator searchResult{ creationFunctions.find(selector) }; searchResult != creationFunctions.end())
// Then we call the corresponding creation function
return creationFunctions[selector](age, name);
else
// No key found, the return nullptr (Empty Person());
return std::unique_ptr<Person>();
}
};
// Our abstract factor
AbstractFactory abstractFactory{};
// Driver code
int main() {
// What we want to read
char gender{};
unsigned int age{};
std::string name{};
// This is a dummy
char comma{};
std::string line{};
//#define DIRECT_READ
#ifdef DIRECT_READ
// As long as there is data in the stream, read the gender and the comma
while (testDataStream >> gender >> comma >> age >> comma >> name) {
#else
while (std::getline(testDataStream, line)) {
std::istringstream iss{ line };
if (iss >> gender >> comma >> age >> comma >> name) {
#endif
// Create a Person, either male or female
std::unique_ptr<Person> person = abstractFactory.create(gender, age, name);
// Polymorphism. Call the adequate member function
std::cout << *person << '\n';
// Do other stuff
// . . .
}
#ifndef DIRECT_READ
}
#endif
return 0;
}