【发布时间】:2017-04-04 05:45:45
【问题描述】:
我正在尝试使用深度神经网络架构来根据二进制标签值(0 和 +1)进行分类。这是我在 tensorflow 中执行此操作的代码。这个问题也从previous question
的讨论中继承而来import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
from preprocess import create_feature_sets_and_labels
train_x,train_y,test_x,test_y = create_feature_sets_and_labels()
x = tf.placeholder('float', [None, 5])
y = tf.placeholder('float')
n_nodes_hl1 = 500
n_nodes_hl2 = 500
# n_nodes_hl3 = 500
n_classes = 1
batch_size = 100
def neural_network_model(data):
hidden_1_layer = {'weights':tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([5, n_nodes_hl1])),
'biases':tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_nodes_hl1]))}
hidden_2_layer = {'weights':tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_nodes_hl1, n_nodes_hl2])),
'biases':tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_nodes_hl2]))}
# hidden_3_layer = {'weights':tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_nodes_hl2, n_nodes_hl3])),
# 'biases':tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_nodes_hl3]))}
# output_layer = {'weights':tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_nodes_hl3, n_classes])),
# 'biases':tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_classes]))}
output_layer = {'weights':tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_nodes_hl2, n_classes])),
'biases':tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_classes]))}
l1 = tf.add(tf.matmul(data, hidden_1_layer['weights']), hidden_1_layer['biases'])
l1 = tf.nn.relu(l1)
l2 = tf.add(tf.matmul(l1, hidden_2_layer['weights']), hidden_2_layer['biases'])
l2 = tf.nn.relu(l2)
# l3 = tf.add(tf.matmul(l2, hidden_3_layer['weights']), hidden_3_layer['biases'])
# l3 = tf.nn.relu(l3)
# output = tf.transpose(tf.add(tf.matmul(l3, output_layer['weights']), output_layer['biases']))
output = tf.add(tf.matmul(l2, output_layer['weights']), output_layer['biases'])
return output
def train_neural_network(x):
prediction = tf.sigmoid(neural_network_model(x))
cost = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.sigmoid_cross_entropy_with_logits(prediction, y))
optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer().minimize(cost)
hm_epochs = 10
with tf.Session() as sess:
sess.run(tf.initialize_all_variables())
for epoch in range(hm_epochs):
epoch_loss = 0
i = 0
while i < len(train_x):
start = i
end = i + batch_size
batch_x = np.array(train_x[start:end])
batch_y = np.array(train_y[start:end])
_, c = sess.run([optimizer, cost], feed_dict={x: batch_x,
y: batch_y})
epoch_loss += c
i+=batch_size
print('Epoch', epoch, 'completed out of', hm_epochs, 'loss:', epoch_loss)
# correct = tf.equal(tf.argmax(prediction, 1), tf.argmax(y, 1))
# accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct, 'float'))
predicted_class = tf.greater(prediction,0.5)
correct = tf.equal(predicted_class, tf.equal(y,1.0))
accuracy = tf.reduce_mean( tf.cast(correct, 'float') )
# print (test_x.shape)
# accuracy = tf.nn.l2_loss(prediction-y,name="squared_error_test_cost")/test_x.shape[0]
print('Accuracy:', accuracy.eval({x: test_x, y: test_y}))
train_neural_network(x)
具体来说,(继承上一个问题的讨论)我删除了一层 - hidden_3_layer。改变了
预测 = 神经网络模型(x)
到
prediction = tf.sigmoid(neural_network_model(x))
并根据尼尔的回答添加了predicted_class, correct, accuracy 部分。我还在我的 csv 中将所有 -1 更改为 0。
这是我的踪迹:
('Epoch', 0, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 37.312037646770477)
('Epoch', 1, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 37.073578298091888)
('Epoch', 2, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 37.035196363925934)
('Epoch', 3, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 37.035196363925934)
('Epoch', 4, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 37.035196363925934)
('Epoch', 5, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 37.035196363925934)
('Epoch', 6, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 37.035196363925934)
('Epoch', 7, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 37.035196363925934)
('Epoch', 8, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 37.035196363925934)
('Epoch', 9, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 37.035196363925934)
('Accuracy:', 0.42608696)
如您所见,损失并没有减少。因此我不知道它是否仍然正常工作。
这是多次重新运行的结果。结果摇摆不定:
('Epoch', 0, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 26.513012945652008)
('Epoch', 1, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 26.513012945652008)
('Epoch', 2, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 26.513012945652008)
('Epoch', 3, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 26.513012945652008)
('Epoch', 4, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 26.513012945652008)
('Epoch', 5, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 26.513012945652008)
('Epoch', 6, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 26.513012945652008)
('Epoch', 7, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 26.513012945652008)
('Epoch', 8, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 26.513012945652008)
('Epoch', 9, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 26.513012945652008)
('Accuracy:', 0.60124224)
另一个:
('Epoch', 0, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 22.873702049255371)
('Epoch', 1, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 22.873702049255371)
('Epoch', 2, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 22.873702049255371)
('Epoch', 3, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 22.873702049255371)
('Epoch', 4, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 22.873702049255371)
('Epoch', 5, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 22.873702049255371)
('Epoch', 6, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 22.873702049255371)
('Epoch', 7, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 22.873702049255371)
('Epoch', 8, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 22.873702049255371)
('Epoch', 9, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 22.873702049255371)
('Accuracy:', 1.0)
还有一个:
('Epoch', 0, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 23.163824260234833)
('Epoch', 1, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 22.88000351190567)
('Epoch', 2, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 22.873702049255371)
('Epoch', 3, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 22.873702049255371)
('Epoch', 4, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 22.873702049255371)
('Epoch', 5, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 22.873702049255371)
('Epoch', 6, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 22.873702049255371)
('Epoch', 7, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 22.873702049255371)
('Epoch', 8, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 22.873702049255371)
('Epoch', 9, 'completed out of', 10, 'loss:', 22.873702049255371)
('Accuracy:', 0.99627328)
我还看到了 0.0 的准确度值 -_-
---------------编辑---------------
关于数据和数据处理的一些细节。我正在使用来自 Yahoo! 的 IBM 每日股票数据!融资 20 年(几乎)。这相当于大约 5200 行条目。
这是我的处理方式:
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler
import csv
import pickle
def create_feature_sets_and_labels(test_size = 0.2):
df = pd.read_csv("ibm.csv")
df = df.iloc[::-1]
features = df.values
testing_size = int(test_size*len(features))
train_x = list(features[1:,1:6][:-testing_size])
train_y = list(features[1:,7][:-testing_size])
test_x = list(features[1:,1:6][-testing_size:])
test_y = list(features[1:,7][-testing_size:])
scaler = MinMaxScaler(feature_range=(-5,5))
train_x = scaler.fit_transform(train_x)
train_y = scaler.fit_transform(train_y)
test_x = scaler.fit_transform(test_x)
test_y = scaler.fit_transform(test_y)
return train_x, train_y, test_x, test_y
if __name__ == "__main__":
train_x, train_y, test_x, test_y = create_feature_sets_and_labels()
with open('stockdata.pickle', 'wb') as f:
pickle.dump([train_x, train_y, test_x, test_y], f)
第 0 列是日期。所以这不被用作特征。第 7 列也不是。我使用 sklearn 的 MinMaxScaler() 在 -5 到 5 的范围内对数据进行了标准化。
-------------编辑 2--------
我注意到,当数据以非标准化形式呈现时,系统不会改变其准确性。
【问题讨论】:
-
好的,我再次更改了代码。准确率仍在 65-100 之间波动。我还尝试更改我的 epoch 值以找到损失开始稳定的位置,但即使在 100 个 epoch 内它们也会继续下降。
-
准确度波动确实有点奇怪。也许我错过了什么。您能否添加一些有关输入数据以及如何对其进行预处理的详细信息?训练集和测试集有多大(您描述的行为我期望从非常小的数据集中得到)?这是来自公共来源的标准数据吗?大部分为正面或大部分为负面的类别是否存在强烈倾向?
-
另外,让我们检查一下你的真实类数据的形状。如果将
y = tf.placeholder('float')更改为y = tf.placeholder('float', [None,1])会发生什么? -
@NeilSlater 编辑了这个问题。对 y 的编辑也会导致错误:ValueError: Cannot feed value of shape (100,) for Tensor u'Placeholder_1:0', which has shape '(?, 1)'
-
其实标签是从Adj派生出来的。关闭 。如果形容词。当天收盘价高于前一天则设置为 1,否则设置为 0。
标签: python machine-learning neural-network tensorflow logistic-regression