Sympy-matplotlib：x 和 y 必须具有相同的第一维

Question

我使用 sympy 和 matplotlib 绘制图形，但出现错误。 我用sympy解方程，用matplotlib画图

我做错了什么？

代码如下：

import numpy as np
import sympy
import math
from mpmath import *
from sympy import *
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x= symbols('x')
f, g, h = symbols('f g h', cls=Function)
A, C1, C2 = symbols('A C1 C2')
input = C1 * sin(5*x) + C2 * cos(5*x) + x/25
ex1 = input.subs({x:0})
ex2 = input.subs({x:4})
kq = solve((ex1, ex2), C1, C2)
pttq = input.subs({C1:kq[C1], C2: kq[C2]})
print(pttq)

x = np.arange(0, 5, 1)
y = pttq

fig, ax = plt.subplots()

plt.xlabel('(m)')
plt.ylabel('(KN)')
plt.title('NEO')

plt.plot(x, y)

plt.show()

错误信息：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "\Text", line 31, in <module>
  File "C:\Blender\2.78\python\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\pyplot.py", line 3318, in plot
    ret = ax.plot(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Blender\2.78\python\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\__init__.py", line 1892, in inner
    return func(ax, *args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Blender\2.78\python\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_axes.py", line 1406, in plot
    for line in self._get_lines(*args, **kwargs):
  File "C:\Blender\2.78\python\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_base.py", line 407, in _grab_next_args
    for seg in self._plot_args(remaining, kwargs):
  File "C:\Blender\2.78\python\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_base.py", line 385, in _plot_args
    x, y = self._xy_from_xy(x, y)
  File "C:\Blender\2.78\python\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_base.py", line 244, in _xy_from_xy
    "have shapes {} and {}".format(x.shape, y.shape))
ValueError: x and y must have same first dimension, but have shapes (5,) and (1,)

Answer 1

好的，这里有一些问题。

首先，变量x： 导入后，您将其定义为 sympy 变量，然后在您的表达式中使用。但是然后你将它作为一个包含用于绘图的 x 值的数组重载。所以你可能想把它改成

x_vals = np.arange(0, 5, 1)

其次，正如上面 cmets 中提到的，y 必须是列表或 numpy 数组。要生成它，您必须执行类似的操作

y = np.empty(x_vals.shape)
for i in range(len(x_vals)):
    y[i] = pttq.subs(x,x_vals[i]).evalf()

最后，您可能希望绘图的 x 步长更小：

x_vals = np.arange(0, 5, .1)