如何启用棉花糖枚举 EnumField 以正确序列化 EnumField？

Question

当我尝试使用 marshmallow 序列化 JSON 格式的 Python 对象时，marshmallow-enum 包 AttributeError 已被触发 - 'str' object has no attribute 'name'

我有以下与外键链接的类：

class BusinessUnitsManagement(db.Model, DatabaseObject):
    __tablename__ = 'bu_mngmt'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer(), primary_key=True)
    bu_id = db.Column(db.Integer(), db.ForeignKey('business_units.id'), nullable=False)
    head = db.Column(db.Integer(), db.ForeignKey('user_properties.id'), nullable=True)

    bu_properties = db.relationship('BusinessUnits', foreign_keys=[bu_id], backref='bu_mngmt')
    head_properties = db.relationship('UserProperty', foreign_keys=[head])

class UserProperty(db.Model, DatabaseObject):
    __tablename__ = 'user_properties'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('users.id'), primary_key=True)
    seniority = db.Column(db.Enum(Seniority), nullable=True)

class BusinessUnits(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'business_units'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer(), primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(5), nullable=False)
    description = db.Column(db.String(100), nullable=True)

另外，我为以上这些类创建了 Schema 类：

from marshmallow import Schema, fields
from marshmallow_enum import EnumField

class BusinessUnitsManagementSchema(Schema):
    id = fields.Int()
    bu_properties = fields.Nested(BusinessUnitsSchema)
    head_properties = fields.Nested(UserPropertySchema)

class UserPropertySchema(Schema):
    id = fields.Int()
    full_name = fields.Str()
    seniority = EnumField(Seniority)

class BusinessUnitsSchema(Schema):
    id = fields.Int()
    name = fields.Str()
    description = fields.Str()

资历定义为：

Seniority = Enum(
    value='Seniority',
    names=[
        ('Intern', 'Intern'),
        ('Junior_Engineer', 'Junior_Engineer'),
        ('Junior Engineer', 'Junior Engineer'),

        ('Design Engineer', 'Design Engineer'),
        ('Design_Engineer', 'Design_Engineer'),

        ('Senior Engineer', 'Senior Engineer'),
        ('Senior_Engineer', 'Senior_Engineer')
    ]
)

当我尝试获取 Python 对象的 JSON 格式时：

from marshmallow import Schema, fields
from marshmallow_enum import EnumField

objects = BusinessUnitsManagement.query.join(BusinessUnits).all()
result = []
for object in objects:
    marshmallow_item = BusinessUnitsManagementSchema.dumps(object)
    result.append(marshmallow_item.data)
return result

我在 Ubuntu 上收到此错误，但在 Windows 上一切正常：

marshmallow-enum version on both Win and Ubuntu --- 1.5.1
Python version on Win 10 ---------- 3.6.6
Python version on Ubuntu 16.04.3 -- 3.5.2 

   marshmallow_item = schema.dumps(item)
  File ".../flaskvenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/marshmallow/schema.py", line 557, in dumps
    deserialized, errors = self.dump(obj, many=many, update_fields=update_fields)
  File ".../flaskvenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/marshmallow/schema.py", line 509, in dump
    **kwargs
  File ".../flaskvenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/marshmallow/marshalling.py", line 138, in serialize
    index=(index if index_errors else None)
  File ".../flaskvenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/marshmallow/marshalling.py", line 62, in call_and_store
    value = getter_func(data)
  File ".../flaskvenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/marshmallow/marshalling.py", line 132, in <lambda>
    getter = lambda d: field_obj.serialize(attr_name, d, accessor=accessor)
  File ".../flaskvenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/marshmallow/fields.py", line 252, in serialize
    return self._serialize(value, attr, obj)
  File ".../flaskvenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/marshmallow/fields.py", line 450, in _serialize
    update_fields=not self.__updated_fields)
  File ".../flaskvenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/marshmallow/schema.py", line 509, in dump
    **kwargs
  File ".../flaskvenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/marshmallow/marshalling.py", line 138, in serialize
    index=(index if index_errors else None)
  File ".../flaskvenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/marshmallow/marshalling.py", line 62, in call_and_store
    value = getter_func(data)
  File ".../flaskvenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/marshmallow/marshalling.py", line 132, in <lambda>
    getter = lambda d: field_obj.serialize(attr_name, d, accessor=accessor)
  File ".../flaskvenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/marshmallow/fields.py", line 252, in serialize
    return self._serialize(value, attr, obj)
  File ".../flaskvenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/marshmallow_enum/__init__.py", line 80, in _serialize
    return value.name
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'name'

Answer 1

问题与数据库有关，更具体地说，问题与列“seniority”的值有关。有些行将“高级”设置为空白（不是 NULL - 只是空字符串），这就是序列化未正确完成的原因。我不知道这是怎么发生的，因为 'seniority' 列设置为 ENUM 类型。