Django / Heroku ModuleNotFoundError：没有名为“MyProject.apps”的模块

【问题标题】：Django / Heroku ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'MyProject.apps'Django / Heroku ModuleNotFoundError：没有名为“MyProject.apps”的模块
【发布时间】：2021-06-07 14:58:24
【问题描述】：

当我使用“python manage.py runserver”在本地运行它时，我有一个运行良好的 django 应用程序。然而，Heroku 正在努力让网站正常运行。

我将更改提交到 git，这会触发 Heroku 上的自动构建。构建成功，但在尝试使用 gunicorn 命令启动进程时失败。我在下面粘贴了完整的 Heroku 日志，但相关位似乎是“ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'FromThePath.apps'”，这似乎是指 settings.py 中的 INSTALLED_APPS。

我尝试将 INSTALLED_APPS 更改为以额外的“FromThePath”为前缀。 （这是解决 wsgi.py 中的错误的原因），但这会导致在 collectstatic 命令的构建过程中出现“ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'FromThePath.FromThePath'”

不知道从这里去哪里。我的 Google-fu 显然是不够的。提前感谢您的帮助！

完整的heroku日志：

2021-03-09T17:01:30.000000+00:00 app[api]: Build succeeded
2021-03-09T17:01:40.327614+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Starting process with command `gunicorn FromThePath.FromThePath.wsgi`
2021-03-09T17:01:44.495636+00:00 app[web.1]: [2021-03-09 17:01:44 +0000] [4] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 20.0.4
2021-03-09T17:01:44.497096+00:00 app[web.1]: [2021-03-09 17:01:44 +0000] [4] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:49607 (4)
2021-03-09T17:01:44.497258+00:00 app[web.1]: [2021-03-09 17:01:44 +0000] [4] [INFO] Using worker: sync
2021-03-09T17:01:44.510099+00:00 app[web.1]: [2021-03-09 17:01:44 +0000] [9] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 9
2021-03-09T17:01:44.547692+00:00 app[web.1]: [2021-03-09 17:01:44 +0000] [10] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 10
2021-03-09T17:01:45.165418+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to up
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478113+00:00 app[web.1]: [2021-03-09 11:01:45 -0600] [9] [ERROR] Exception in worker process
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478159+00:00 app[web.1]: Traceback (most recent call last):
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478161+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 583, in spawn_worker
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478162+00:00 app[web.1]: worker.init_process()
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478163+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 119, in init_process
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478163+00:00 app[web.1]: self.load_wsgi()
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478164+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 144, in load_wsgi
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478164+00:00 app[web.1]: self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi()
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478165+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 67, in wsgi
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478165+00:00 app[web.1]: self.callable = self.load()
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478166+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 49, in load
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478166+00:00 app[web.1]: return self.load_wsgiapp()
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478167+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 39, in load_wsgiapp
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478167+00:00 app[web.1]: return util.import_app(self.app_uri)
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478167+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 358, in import_app
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478168+00:00 app[web.1]: mod = importlib.import_module(module)
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478168+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478169+00:00 app[web.1]: return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478170+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 994, in _gcd_import
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478170+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478170+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 955, in _find_and_load_unlocked
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478171+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 665, in _load_unlocked
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478171+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in exec_module
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478172+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478173+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/FromThePath/FromThePath/wsgi.py", line 16, in <module>
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478173+00:00 app[web.1]: application = get_wsgi_application()
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478173+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/wsgi.py", line 12, in get_wsgi_application
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478174+00:00 app[web.1]: django.setup(set_prefix=False)
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478174+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 24, in setup
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478174+00:00 app[web.1]: apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478175+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 91, in populate
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478175+00:00 app[web.1]: app_config = AppConfig.create(entry)
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478175+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 116, in create
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478176+00:00 app[web.1]: mod = import_module(mod_path)
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478176+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478176+00:00 app[web.1]: return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478177+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 994, in _gcd_import
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478177+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478177+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 953, in _find_and_load_unlocked
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478186+00:00 app[web.1]: ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'FromThePath.apps'
2021-03-09T17:01:45.478671+00:00 app[web.1]: [2021-03-09 11:01:45 -0600] [9] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 9)
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542581+00:00 app[web.1]: [2021-03-09 11:01:45 -0600] [10] [ERROR] Exception in worker process
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542583+00:00 app[web.1]: Traceback (most recent call last):
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542584+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 583, in spawn_worker
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542585+00:00 app[web.1]: worker.init_process()
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542585+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 119, in init_process
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542585+00:00 app[web.1]: self.load_wsgi()
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542586+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 144, in load_wsgi
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542586+00:00 app[web.1]: self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi()
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542587+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 67, in wsgi
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542587+00:00 app[web.1]: self.callable = self.load()
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542588+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 49, in load
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542588+00:00 app[web.1]: return self.load_wsgiapp()
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542588+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 39, in load_wsgiapp
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542589+00:00 app[web.1]: return util.import_app(self.app_uri)
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542589+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 358, in import_app
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542589+00:00 app[web.1]: mod = importlib.import_module(module)
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542592+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542592+00:00 app[web.1]: return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542593+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 994, in _gcd_import
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542593+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542594+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 955, in _find_and_load_unlocked
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542594+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 665, in _load_unlocked
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542594+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in exec_module
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542595+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542595+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/FromThePath/FromThePath/wsgi.py", line 16, in <module>
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542595+00:00 app[web.1]: application = get_wsgi_application()
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542596+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/wsgi.py", line 12, in get_wsgi_application
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542597+00:00 app[web.1]: django.setup(set_prefix=False)
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542598+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 24, in setup
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542598+00:00 app[web.1]: apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542598+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 91, in populate
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542599+00:00 app[web.1]: app_config = AppConfig.create(entry)
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542599+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 116, in create
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542600+00:00 app[web.1]: mod = import_module(mod_path)
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542600+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542600+00:00 app[web.1]: return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542601+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 994, in _gcd_import
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542601+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542602+00:00 app[web.1]: File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 953, in _find_and_load_unlocked
2021-03-09T17:01:45.542608+00:00 app[web.1]: ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'FromThePath.apps'
2021-03-09T17:01:45.543290+00:00 app[web.1]: [2021-03-09 11:01:45 -0600] [10] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 10)
2021-03-09T17:01:45.752608+00:00 app[web.1]: [2021-03-09 17:01:45 +0000] [4] [INFO] Shutting down: Master
2021-03-09T17:01:45.752780+00:00 app[web.1]: [2021-03-09 17:01:45 +0000] [4] [INFO] Reason: Worker failed to boot.
2021-03-09T17:01:45.912133+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Process exited with status 3
2021-03-09T17:01:46.066521+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from up to crashed

我的文件夹结构：

FromThePath  // root folder
³   .gitignore
³   .slugignore
³   package.json
³   Procfile
³   requirements.txt
³   ToThePath.bat
³   tree.txt
³   
.idea        // in .gitignore
FromThePath  // it's not clear from the formatting, but this is a subfolder of the FromThePath root folder
³   ³   .coverage
³   ³   .coveragerc
³   ³   db.postgresql
³   ³   db.sqlite3
³   ³   manage.py
³   ³   
³   cooking
³   ³   ³   admin.py
³   ³   ³   apps.py
³   ³   ³   forms.py
³   ³   ³   models.py
³   ³   ³   tests.py
³   ³   ³   urls.py
³   ³   ³   views.py
³   ³   ³   __init__.py
³   ³   ³   
³   ³   {other presumably irrelevant folders}
³   ³           
³   DevNotes
³   ³   {same as cooking}
³   ³           
³   FromThePath
³   ³   ³   apps.py
³   ³   ³   asgi.py
³   ³   ³   forms.py
³   ³   ³   settings.py
³   ³   ³   urls.py
³   ³   ³   views.py
³   ³   ³   wsgi.py
³   ³   ³   __init__.py
³   ³   ³   
³   ³   static
³   ³   ³   FromThePath
³   ³   ³       ...
³   ³   ³               
³   ³   templates
³   ³   ³   FromThePath
³   ³   ³           *.html files
³   ³   ³           
³   ³   templatetags
³   ³   ³   ³   general_filters.py
³   ³   ³   ³   __init__.py
³   ³   ³   ³   
³   ³           
³   journal
³   ³   {same as cooking}
³   ³           
³   polls
³   ³   {same as cooking}
³   ³           
³   staticfiles
³   templates
³   ³   admin
³   ³   ³       base_site.html
³   ³   ³       
³   ³   registration
³   ³           logged_out.html
³   ³           login.html
³   ³           password_reset_complete.html
³   ³           password_reset_confirm.html
³   ³           password_reset_done.html
³   ³           password_reset_email.html
³   ³           password_reset_form.html
³   ³           
venv (in .gitignore)

settings.py

import os
import django_heroku

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '[redacted]'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [

    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',  # Core authentication framework and its default models.
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',  # Django content type system (allows permissions to be associated with models).
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',

    'FromThePath.apps.FromThePathConfig',
    'cooking.apps.CookingConfig',
    'journal.apps.JournalConfig',
    'DevNotes.apps.DevnotesConfig',
    'polls.apps.PollsConfig',

    # # Build fails on "python FromThePath/manage.py collectstatic --noinput" step
    # #  relevant part of error: ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'FromThePath.FromThePath'
    # 'FromThePath.FromThePath.apps.FromThePathConfig',
    # 'FromThePath.cooking.apps.CookingConfig',
    # 'FromThePath.journal.apps.JournalConfig',
    # 'FromThePath.DevNotes.apps.DevnotesConfig',
    # 'FromThePath.polls.apps.PollsConfig',

]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',  # Manages sessions across requests
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',  # Associates users with requests using sessions.
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'FromThePath.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
                'FromThePath.DevNotes.context_processors.dev_note_form_context_processor',
            ],
            'libraries':{
                'general_filters': 'FromThePath.templatetags.general_filters',
            }
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'FromThePath.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        [redacted]
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'America/Chicago'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

# Redirect to home URL after login (Default redirects to /accounts/profile/)
LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = '/'

# Site isn't capable of email yet. This makes it so that the stuff that would be emailed is logged to the Django Console
#   starting point to actually implement: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/email/
EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.console.EmailBackend'

django_heroku.settings(locals())

过程文件

web: gunicorn FromThePath.FromThePath.wsgi

wsgi.py

import os

from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application

os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'FromThePath.FromThePath.settings')

application = get_wsgi_application()

.gitignore

*.pyc
venv/*
.idea/*
FromThePath/htmlcov

【问题讨论】：

    标签： django heroku


    【解决方案1】：

    通过更改 Procfile 使其运行在与 manage.py 相同的目录中。您可以使用 gunicorn 的 chrdir 或 pythonpath 选项来完成此操作

    web: gunicorn --chdir FromThePath FromThePath.wsgi

    或

    web: gunicorn --pythonpath FromThePath FromThePath.wsgi

    我还不得不从几个地方删除项目名称（wsgi.py 和 settings.py 中的上下文处理器）

    【讨论】：

    • 这个很有帮助，我用这个解决方案解决
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