在复数计算器项目中使用类的问题

Question

我是 Thomas，是一名计算机科学专业的学生。对于我最新的 Python OOP 项目，我一直在尝试做一个简单的复数计算器。

我的任务是用 Python 制作一个 2-class 项目

首先是类有3个方法：

1st - 创建一个复数 2nd - 显示一个复数 3rd - 删除复数

第二类有四种方法：加法、减法、乘法和除法。 我做了第一堂课，它的方法，我认为它们在基本层面上工作得很好（当然代码是原始的，它需要做很多工作:()

我偶然发现了第二节课的问题。我不能正确使用方法：加、减、乘和除。 我想要使​​用以前创建的两个复数的数学方法，但我找不到正确完成任务的方法。

感谢任何帮助。谢谢！

我的代码：

class Complex (object):
    def __init__(self, real, imaginary):
        self.real = real
        self.imaginary = imaginary

    def create_number(self):
        self.real = (float(input("Enter a real part of the complex number")))
        self.imaginary = (float(input("Enter an imaginary part of the complex number")))
        return Complex(self.real, self.imaginary)

    def display_number(self):
        print(f"Your complex number is: {Complex(self.real, self.imaginary)}")

    def erase_number(self):
        (self.real, self.imaginary) = (0, 0)
        print(f"Number is erased: {(self.real, self.imaginary)}")

    def __str__(self):
        if type(self.real) == int and type(self.imaginary) == int:
            if self.imaginary >= 0:
                return '%d+%di' % (self.real, self.imaginary)
            elif self.imaginary < 0:
                return '%d%di' % (self.real, self.imaginary)
        else:
            if self.imaginary >= 0:
                return '%f+%fi' % (self.real, self.imaginary)
            elif self.imaginary < 0:
               return '%f%fi' % (self.real, self.imaginary)


class Calculator(object):
    def __init__(self, real, imaginary):
        self.real = real
        self.imaginary = imaginary

    def __add__(self, other):
        result_real = self.real+other.real
        result_imaginary = self.imaginary+other.imaginary
        result = Complex(result_real, result_imaginary)
        return result

    def __sub__(self, other):
        result_real = self.real-other.real
        result_imaginary = self.imaginary-other.imaginary
        result = Complex(result_real, result_imaginary)
        return result

    def __mul__(self, other):
        result_real = (self.real*other.real-self.imaginary*other.imaginary)
        result_imaginary = (self.real*other.imaginary+other.real*self.imaginary)
        result = Complex(result_real, result_imaginary)
        return result

    def __truediv__(self, other):
        result_real = float(float(self.real*other.real+self.imaginary*other.imaginary)/float(other.real*other.real+other.imaginary*other.imaginary))
        result_imaginary = float(float(other.real*self.imaginary-self.real*other.imaginary)/float(other.real*other.real+other.imaginary*other.imaginary))
        result = Complex(result_real, result_imaginary)
        return result


c1 = Complex(0, 0)
c2 = Complex(0, 0)

calc1 = Calculator(0, 0)
calc2= Calculator(0, 0)

choice = 1
while choice != 0:
    print("0. Exit")
    print("1. Construction of a complex number 1")
    print("2. Construction of a complex number 2")
    print("3. Display complex number 1")
    print("4. Display complex number 2")
    print("5. Erase complex number 1")
    print("6. Erase complex number 2")
    print("7. Addition")
    print("8. Subtraction")
    print("9. Multiplication")
    print("10. Division")
    choice = int(input("Enter choice: "))

    if choice == 1:
        print("Result: ", c1.create_number())
    elif choice == 2:
        print("Result: ", c2.create_number())
    elif choice == 3:
        print("Result: ", c1.display_number())
    elif choice == 4:
        print("Result: ", c2.display_number())
    elif choice == 5:
        print("Result: ", c1.erase_number())
    elif choice == 6:
        print("Result: ", c2.erase_number())
    elif choice == 7:
        print("Result: ", calc1.__add__(calc2))
    elif choice == 8:
        print("Result: ", calc1.__sub__(calc2))
    elif choice == 9:
        print("Result: ", calc1.__mul__(calc2))
    elif choice == 10:
        print("Result: ", calc1.__truediv__(calc2))
    elif choice == 0:
        print("Exiting!")
    else:
        print("Invalid choice!!")

Answer 1

目前 Calculator 和 Complex 对象之间没有关系。 Calculator 的实部/虚部属性初始化为 0，但从未更新。

解决此问题的一种方法是使用对 Complex 对象的引用来初始化 Calculator：

class Calculator(object):
    def __init__(self, complex_number):
        self.complex_number = complex_number

    def __add__(self, other):
        result_real = self.complex_number.real+other.complex_number.real
        result_imaginary = self.complex_number.imaginary+other.complex_number.imaginary
        result = Complex(result_real, result_imaginary)
        return result
    # other methods should be modified as appropriate..


c1 = Complex(0, 0)
c2 = Complex(0, 0)

calc1 = Calculator(c1)
calc2= Calculator(c2)

用户将在调用 create_number 时更新 c1，当用户调用 add 时，计算器将引用该（现已更新）复杂对象。

Answer 2

这可能无法回答您的问题，但无论如何都是有效的知识。

__add__ 系列方法（“魔术方法”）仅供 Python 内部使用。

当你写a + b 时，python 会检查a 是否恰好有一个__add__ 方法，并使用它，或者如果没有使用b 的__radd__ 方法。

所以人们应该简单地间接“使用”这些方法：print("Result: ", calc1 + calc2)。