更改要在循环内使用的变量（Python）

Question

所以我正在编写一个跳棋游戏，我遇到的问题是在一个循环中创建多个棋子。我有代码的类创建部分，我不会在这里发布，其余的，我要发布，但我不知道如何更改循环将要使用的变量。如果您能帮我解决这个问题，我将不胜感激。

很抱歉将我的代码发布为图片，我是这个网站（和编程）的新手，无法格式化以便网站接受我的帖子。我真的希望你们能帮助我！

感谢您的帮助！

进一步说明：每次循环运行时，我都需要使用不同的“片段”创建。这意味着第一个循环必须创建piece1，然后是piece2，然后是piece3......等等

编辑：发布整个代码。我知道格式不对，没办法。所以，希望有人能解决它。

class Piece:
    def __init__(self, kind, yposition, xposition):
        self.color = kind
        self.ypos = xposition
        self.xpos = yposition

    def getColor(self):
        return self.getColor

    def adjustY(self, change):
        self.ypos = self.ypos + change

    def adjustX(self, change):
        self.xpos = self.xpos + change

    def getY(self):
        return self.ypos

    def getX(self):
        return self.xpos

    def mover(self, direction):
        self.direc = direction
        if self.direc == "right" and self.color == "white":
            for n in alist:
                if n.getY == (self.getY - 1) and n.getX == (self.getX + 1):
                    pass
                    # NOT YET IMPLEMENTED

                else:
                    self.adjustY(-1)
                    self.adjustX(+1)

        elif self.direc == "left" and self.color == "white":
            for n in alist:
                if n.getY == (self.getY - 1) and n.getX == (self.getX - 1):
                    pass
                    # NOT YET IMPLEMENTED

                else:
                    self.adjustY(-1)
                    self.adjustX(-1)
        elif self.direc == "right" and self.color == "black":
            for n in alist:
                if n.getY == (self.getY + 1) and n.getX == (self.getX + 1):
                    pass
                    # NOT YET IMPLEMENTED

                else:
                    self.adjustY(+1)
                    self.adjustX(+1)

        else:
            for n in alist:
                if n.getY == (self.getY + 1) and n.getX == (self.getX - 1):
                    pass
                    # NOT YET IMPLEMENTED

                else:
                    self.adjustY(+1)
                    self.adjustX(-1)


piece1 = 0
piece2 = 0
piece3 = 0
piece4 = 0
piece5 = 0
piece6 = 0
piece7 = 0
piece8 = 0
piece9 = 0
piece10 = 0
piece11 = 0
piece12 = 0

alistb1 = [piece1,piece2,piece3,piece4,piece5,piece6,piece7,piece8,piece9,piece10,piece11,piece12]

k = 2

for i in range(0,11):
    if i >= 0 and i <5:
        j = 8
        m = 0

    elif i >= 5 and i < 9:
        j = 7
        m = 1

    else:
        j = 6
        m = 0
    alistb1[i] = Piece("white",j,(m + 1 + i * k))
    print(alistb1[i].getY())

# print(piece7.getY()) test reasons

PS: def mover 还没准备好。

Answer 1

您不需要为每个部分分配一个变量。您已经在为您的作品使用列表。不用写piece1，你可以写pieces[0]。 （您确实需要注意列表从索引 0 开始。）

range 具有排他性权利约束。这意味着它不包括在内，您的范围以比该值小一结束。你想使用range(0,12)。

在 python 中，您可以动态添加到列表中。您不需要分配足够的空间来容纳您的作品。您可以使用列表的.append() 方法。

现在编写代码的一种方法是：

pieces = []
for i in range(0, 12):      # 0-11
    if i < 5:
        pieces.append(Piece("white", 8, 1 + i*2))
    elif i < 9:
        pieces.append(Piece("white", 7, 2 + i*2))
    else:
        pieces.append(Piece("white", 6, 1 + i*2))

我冒昧地简化了您的条件语句（i 将始终为 >= 0，如果 i < 5 为假，则相反的 i >= 5 为真，因此您无需重述它在您的 elif) 中删除 j、k 和 m，它们是不必要的变量，可以用文字替换以节省内存。

还有一件事：getColor 的实现将返回函数对象本身。我想你想做：

def getColor():
    return self.color

Answer 2

使用dictionary 和loop：

pieces = {}
# I'm assuming you want 12 pieces since your list has 12 pieces      
for i in range(1,13):  # range starts at m so, range(m,n) iterates from m up to n-1
    # I would suggest using more descriptive variable names if you can, row or column for example
    if i >= 0 and i <5:
        j = 8
        m = 0

    elif i >= 5 and i < 9:
       j = 7
       m = 1

    else:
       j = 6
       m = 0
    pieces['piece{}'.format(i)] = Piece("white",j,(m + 1 + i * k))

除非我误解了你，否则这应该做你想做的事。这也不是 C++，你不需要那些 get 方法，你可以简单地Piece.color 来获取一块的颜色属性。

使用字典访问片段，pieces['piece1'].whatever()。但是，为简洁起见，您不需要pieces['piece{}.format(i)]，您只需pieces[i] 即可访问该作品pieces[1].whatever()。

更多关于字典的信息http://docs.python.org/3.3/tutorial/datastructures.html#dictionaries

我所拥有的并且它可以正常工作：

class Piece:
    def __init__(self, kind, yposition, xposition):
        self.color = kind
        self.ypos = xposition
        self.xpos = yposition

    def getColor(self):
        return self.getColor

    def adjustY(self, change):
        self.ypos = self.ypos + change

    def adjustX(self, change):
        self.xpos = self.xpos + change

    def getY(self):
        return self.ypos

    def getX(self):
        return self.xpos

    def mover(self, direction):
        self.direc = direction
        if self.direc == "right" and self.color == "white":
            for n in alist:
                if n.getY == (self.getY - 1) and n.getX == (self.getX + 1):
                    pass
                    # NOT YET IMPLEMENTED

                else:
                    self.adjustY(-1)
                    self.adjustX(+1)

        elif self.direc == "left" and self.color == "white":
            for n in alist:
                if n.getY == (self.getY - 1) and n.getX == (self.getX - 1):
                    pass
                    # NOT YET IMPLEMENTED

                else:
                    self.adjustY(-1)
                    self.adjustX(-1)
        elif self.direc == "right" and self.color == "black":
            for n in alist:
                if n.getY == (self.getY + 1) and n.getX == (self.getX + 1):
                    pass
                    # NOT YET IMPLEMENTED

                else:
                    self.adjustY(+1)
                    self.adjustX(+1)

        else:
            for n in alist:
                if n.getY == (self.getY + 1) and n.getX == (self.getX - 1):
                    pass
                    # NOT YET IMPLEMENTED

                else:
                    self.adjustY(+1)
                    self.adjustX(-1)

k=2
pieces = {}
# I'm assuming you want 12 pieces since your list has 12 pieces      
for i in range(1,13):  # range starts at m so, range(m,n) iterates from m up to n-1
    # I would suggest using more descriptive variable names if you can, row or column for example
    if i >= 0 and i <5:
        j = 8
        m = 0

    elif i >= 5 and i < 9:
       j = 7
       m = 1

    else:
       j = 6
       m = 0
    pieces['piece{}'.format(i)] = Piece("white",j,(m + 1 + i * k))

输出：

>>> pieces['piece1'].color
'white'
>>> pieces['piece3'].color
'white'
>>> pieces['piece3'].xpos
8
>>> for key in pieces:
    print(key, pieces[key])


piece8 <__main__.Piece object at 0x000000000329A4E0>
piece9 <__main__.Piece object at 0x000000000329A550>
piece6 <__main__.Piece object at 0x000000000329A400>
piece7 <__main__.Piece object at 0x000000000329A470>
piece4 <__main__.Piece object at 0x000000000329A320>
piece5 <__main__.Piece object at 0x000000000329A390>
piece2 <__main__.Piece object at 0x0000000003287DA0>
piece3 <__main__.Piece object at 0x000000000329A2B0>
piece1 <__main__.Piece object at 0x00000000031D9CF8>
piece10 <__main__.Piece object at 0x000000000329A5C0>
piece11 <__main__.Piece object at 0x000000000329A630>
piece12 <__main__.Piece object at 0x000000000329A6A0>
>>> pieces['piece3'].mover('right')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#13>", line 1, in <module>
    pieces['piece3'].mover('right')
  File "C:/Users/Hannah/Documents/thing.py", line 25, in mover
    for n in alist:
NameError: global name 'alist' is not defined
>>> pieces['piece3'].xpos
8
>>> pieces['piece3'].adjustX(1)
>>> pieces['piece3'].xpos
9

请记住，字典是无序的，因此它们的打印顺序是任意的。

由于我的代码版本中没有alist，因此预计会在移动器上进行回溯。您需要修改 mover() 才能使用字典。使用 dicts 的一些有用方法：

>>> for n in pieces.values():  # iterates over the values in a dict
        n.color


'white'
'white'
'white'
'white'
'white'
'white'
'white'
'white'
'white'
'white'
'white'
'white'

>>> for n in pieces.keys():  # iterates over the keys
        print(n)


piece8
piece9
piece6
piece7
piece4
piece5
piece2
piece3
piece1
piece10
piece11
piece12