【问题标题】:Try/Except in Python: How to avoid duplication?在 Python 中尝试/排除:如何避免重复?
【发布时间】:2018-02-10 04:32:39
【问题描述】:

我有一个类可以将 API 引发的低级异常转换为高级异常。这个类充满了复杂的、重复的错误处理逻辑。我正在寻找减少这种重复的pythonic方法。

这是一个人为的例子。

class ApiWrapperException(Exception):
  pass

class ApiWrapper(object):

  def __init__(self, api):
    self._api = api

  def do_one_thing(self):
    print 'do_one_thing stuff before API call'
    try:
      self._api.do_one_thing()
    except ApiException:
      print 'ApiWrapper caught an ApiException. Doing complicated error handling logic. Raising a different exception.'
      raise ApiWrapperException
    print 'do_one_thing stuff after API call'

  def do_another_thing(self):
    print 'do_another_thing stuff before API call'
    try:
      self._api.do_another_thing()
    except ApiException:
      print 'ApiWrapper caught an ApiException. Doing complicated error handling logic. Raising a different exception.'
      raise ApiWrapperException
    print 'do_another_thing stuff after API call'

在此示例中,ApiWrapper 类将低级 ApiException 转换为更好的 ApiWrapperException。但是有很多重复。

选项 1:使用函数包装器

我可以将重复的代码放在一个内部函数中,如下所示:

def handle_api_errors(api_callable):
  def call(*args, **kwargs):
    try:
      return api_callable(*args, **kwargs)
    except ApiException:
      print 'ApiWrapper caught an ApiException. Doing complicated error handling logic. Raising a different exception.'
      raise ApiWrapperException
  return call

ApiWrapper 类简化为:

class ApiWrapper(object):

  def __init__(self, api):
    self._api = api

  def do_one_thing(self):
    print 'do_one_thing stuff before API call'
    handle_api_errors(self._api.do_one_thing)()
    print 'do_one_thing stuff after API call'

  def do_another_thing(self):
    print 'do_another_thing stuff before API call'
    handle_api_errors(self._api.do_another_thing)()
    print 'do_another_thing stuff after API call'

选项 2:使用上下文管理器

我可以将重复的代码放在上下文管理器中,如下所示:

@contextlib.contextmanager
def handle_api_errors():
  try:
    yield
  except ApiException:
    print 'ApiWrapper caught an ApiException. Doing complicated error handling logic. Raising a different exception.'
    raise ApiWrapperException

ApiWrapper 类简化为:

class ApiWrapper(object):

  def __init__(self, api):
    self._api = api

  def do_one_thing(self):
    print 'do_one_thing stuff before API call'
    with handle_api_errors():
      self._api.do_one_thing()
    print 'do_one_thing stuff after API call'

  def do_another_thing(self):
    print 'do_another_thing stuff before API call'
    with handle_api_errors():
      self._api.do_another_thing()
    print 'do_another_thing stuff after API call'

选项 3:使用装饰器(由 @ZachGates 建议)

我可以将重复的代码放在装饰器中,如下所示:

def handle_api_errors(api_calling_func):
  def decorated_func(*args, **kwargs):
    try:
      api_calling_func(*args, **kwargs)
    except ApiException:
      print 'ApiWrapper caught an ApiException. Doing complicated error handling logic. Raising a different exception.'
      raise ApiWrapperException
  return decorated_func

ApiWrapper 类简化为:

class ApiWrapper(object):

  def __init__(self, api):
    self._api = api

  @handle_api_errors
  def do_one_thing(self):
    print 'do_one_thing stuff before API call'
    self._api.do_one_thing()
    print 'do_one_thing stuff after API call'

  @handle_api_errors
  def do_another_thing(self):
    print 'do_another_thing stuff before API call'
    self._api.do_another_thing()
    print 'do_another_thing stuff after API call'

哪个选项被认为是最 Pythonic 的?有更好的选择吗?

【问题讨论】:

  • 就我个人而言,我会使用装饰器来包装任何作为异常处理程序的函数。在我看来,装饰器背后的意图比包装每个调用更清晰,但这绝不是基于事实。
  • 我同意@ZachGates,你为什么不直接使用装饰器?
  • @ZachGates 好点。装饰器绝对是一种选择。代码流不会与基线代码中的严格相同,因为 API 调用之前和之后的“东西”部分将包含在 try/except 处理程序中。但这不是问题,因为 try/except 处理程序只捕获 API 异常,而不是“东西”部分可能引发的异常。我在问题陈述中添加了装饰器方法。谢谢!

标签: python python-decorators contextmanager


【解决方案1】:

这个呢?

class ApiWrapper(object):

    def __init__(self, api):
        self._api = api

    def api_call(self, methodname, *args, **kwargs):
        method = getattr(self._api, methodname)
        try:
            return method(*args, **kwargs)
        except ApiException:
            print 'ApiWrapper caught an ApiException. Doing complicated error handling logic. Raising a different exception.'
            raise ApiWrapperException

    def do_one_thing(self):
        print 'do_one_thing stuff before API call'
        self.api_call("do_one_thing")
        print 'do_one_thing stuff after API call'

【讨论】:

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