您已将 NumPy 标签放在您的问题上,所以我假设您需要 NumPy 语法,而我之前的答案并未使用该语法。
如果实际上您希望使用 NumPy,那么您可能不需要数组中的字符串,否则您还必须将浮点数表示为字符串。
您正在寻找的是NumPy 语法以逐行访问二维数组的元素(并排除第一列)。
语法是:
M[row_index,1:] # selects all but 1st col from row given by 'row_index'
W/r/t 您问题中的第二个场景-选择不相邻的列:
M[row_index,[0,2]] # selects 1st & 3rd cols from row given by 'row_index'
您的问题中的小问题只是您想为 row_index 使用字符串,因此有必要删除字符串(这样您就可以创建一个 2D NumPy 浮点数组),用数字行索引替换它们然后创建一个查找表以将字符串映射到数字行索引:
>>> import numpy as NP
>>> # create a look-up table so you can remove the strings from your python nested list,
>>> # which will allow you to represent your data as a 2D NumPy array with dtype=float
>>> keys
['foo', 'bar', 'noo', 'tar', 'boo']
>>> values # 1D index array comprised of one float value for each unique string in 'keys'
array([0., 1., 2., 3., 4.])
>>> LuT = dict(zip(keys, values))
>>> # add an index to data by inserting 'values' array as first column of the data matrix
>>> A = NP.hstack((vals, A))
>>> A
NP.array([ [ 0., .567, .611],
[ 1., .469, .479],
[ 2., .22, .269],
[ 3., .48, .508],
[ 4., .324, .324] ])
>>> # so now to look up an item, by 'key':
>>> # write a small function to perform the look-ups:
>>> def select_row(key):
return A[LuT[key],1:]
>>> select_row('foo')
array([ 0.567, 0.611])
>>> select_row('noo')
array([ 0.22 , 0.269])
您的问题中的第二种情况:如果索引列发生变化怎么办?
>>> # e.g., move index to column 1 (as in your Q)
>>> A = NP.roll(A, 1, axis=1)
>>> A
array([[ 0.611, 1. , 0.567],
[ 0.479, 2. , 0.469],
[ 0.269, 3. , 0.22 ],
[ 0.508, 4. , 0.48 ],
[ 0.324, 5. , 0.324]])
>>> # the original function is changed slightly, to select non-adjacent columns:
>>> def select_row2(key):
return A[LuT[key],[0,2]]
>>> select_row2('foo')
array([ 0.611, 0.567])