WordNet 很棒，但我很难在 nltk 中找到同义词。如果您搜索类似 here 之类的“小”一词，它会显示所有同义词。
基本上我只需要知道以下内容：
wn.synsets('word')[i].option()where option 可以是上位词和反义词，但是获取同义词的选项是什么？
【问题讨论】：
wn.synsets('small')，它的顶级成员与网页完全相同。
wn.synsets('word')[i].hypernyms 只会返回一个绑定方法；我想你最后想要一个()...
您可能对Synset 感兴趣：
>>> wn.synsets('small')
[Synset('small.n.01'),
Synset('small.n.02'),
Synset('small.a.01'),
Synset('minor.s.10'),
Synset('little.s.03'),
Synset('small.s.04'),
Synset('humble.s.01'),
Synset('little.s.07'),
Synset('little.s.05'),
Synset('small.s.08'),
Synset('modest.s.02'),
Synset('belittled.s.01'),
Synset('small.r.01')]
这与 Web 界面为您提供的顶级条目列表相同。
如果您还想要“相似于”列表，这与同义词不同。为此，您在每个 Synset 上调用 similar_tos()。
因此，要显示与网站相同的信息，请从以下内容开始：
for ss in wn.synsets('small'):
print(ss)
for sim in ss.similar_tos():
print(' {}'.format(sim))
当然，该网站还打印了两个级别的每个同义词集的词性 (sim.pos)、引理列表 (sim.lemma_names)、定义 (sim.definition) 和示例 (sim.examples)。它按词性对它们进行分组，并添加到您可以关注的其他内容的链接中，等等。但这应该足以让您入门。
【讨论】：
wn.synsets('word') 返回“word”的同义词是完全错误的。相反，该函数返回“单词”的不同语义概念的列表。概念的同义词。可以通过wn.synsets('word')[i].lemmas()接收synset。
wn.synsets('whiz') 的输出将包括“wiz”，但它没有。但是，for synset in wn.synsets('whiz'): print synset.lemma_names() 的输出确实包含“wiz”。
这里有一些帮助函数使 NLTK 更易于使用，以及如何使用这些函数的两个示例。
def download_nltk_dependencies_if_needed():
try:
nltk.word_tokenize('foobar')
except LookupError:
nltk.download('punkt')
try:
nltk.pos_tag(nltk.word_tokenize('foobar'))
except LookupError:
nltk.download('averaged_perceptron_tagger')
def get_some_word_synonyms(word):
word = word.lower()
synonyms = []
synsets = wordnet.synsets(word)
if (len(synsets) == 0):
return []
synset = synsets[0]
lemma_names = synset.lemma_names()
for lemma_name in lemma_names:
lemma_name = lemma_name.lower().replace('_', ' ')
if (lemma_name != word and lemma_name not in synonyms):
synonyms.append(lemma_name)
return synonyms
def get_all_word_synonyms(word):
word = word.lower()
synonyms = []
synsets = wordnet.synsets(word)
if (len(synsets) == 0):
return []
for synset in synsets:
lemma_names = synset.lemma_names()
for lemma_name in lemma_names:
lemma_name = lemma_name.lower().replace('_', ' ')
if (lemma_name != word and lemma_name not in synonyms):
synonyms.append(lemma_name)
return synonyms
示例 1：get_some_word_synonyms
这种方法往往会返回最相关的同义词，但像“愤怒”这样的词不会返回任何同义词。
download_nltk_dependencies_if_needed()
words = ['dog', 'fire', 'erupted', 'throw', 'sweet', 'center', 'said', 'angry', 'iPhone', 'ThisIsNotARealWorddd', 'awesome', 'amazing', 'jim dandy', 'change']
for word in words:
print('Synonyms for {}:'.format(word))
synonyms = get_some_word_synonyms(word)
for synonym in synonyms:
print(" {}".format(synonym))
示例 1 输出：
Synonyms for dog:
domestic dog
canis familiaris
Synonyms for fire:
Synonyms for erupted:
erupt
break out
Synonyms for throw:
Synonyms for sweet:
henry sweet
Synonyms for center:
centre
middle
heart
eye
Synonyms for said:
state
say
tell
Synonyms for angry:
Synonyms for iPhone:
Synonyms for ThisIsNotARealWorddd:
Synonyms for awesome:
amazing
awe-inspiring
awful
awing
Synonyms for amazing:
amaze
astonish
astound
Synonyms for jim dandy:
Synonyms for change:
alteration
modification
示例 2：get_all_word_synonyms
这种方法将返回所有可能的同义词，但有些可能不是很相关。
download_nltk_dependencies_if_needed()
words = ['dog', 'fire', 'erupted', 'throw', 'sweet', 'center', 'said', 'angry', 'iPhone', 'ThisIsNotARealWorddd', 'awesome', 'amazing', 'jim dandy', 'change']
for word in words:
print('Synonyms for {}:'.format(word))
synonyms = get_some_word_synonyms(word)
for synonym in synonyms:
print(" {}".format(synonym))
示例 2 输出：
Synonyms for dog:
domestic dog
canis familiaris
frump
cad
bounder
blackguard
hound
heel
frank
frankfurter
hotdog
hot dog
wiener
wienerwurst
weenie
pawl
detent
click
andiron
firedog
dog-iron
chase
chase after
trail
tail
tag
give chase
go after
track
Synonyms for fire:
firing
flame
flaming
ardor
ardour
fervor
fervour
fervency
fervidness
attack
flak
flack
blast
open fire
discharge
displace
give notice
can
dismiss
give the axe
send away
sack
force out
give the sack
terminate
go off
arouse
elicit
enkindle
kindle
evoke
raise
provoke
burn
burn down
fuel
Synonyms for erupted:
erupt
break out
irrupt
flare up
flare
break open
burst out
ignite
catch fire
take fire
combust
conflagrate
come out
break through
push through
belch
extravasate
break
burst
recrudesce
Synonyms for throw:
stroke
cam stroke
shed
cast
cast off
shake off
throw off
throw away
drop
thrust
give
flip
switch
project
contrive
bewilder
bemuse
discombobulate
hurl
hold
have
make
confuse
fox
befuddle
fuddle
bedevil
confound
Synonyms for sweet:
henry sweet
dessert
afters
confection
sweetness
sugariness
angelic
angelical
cherubic
seraphic
dulcet
honeyed
mellifluous
mellisonant
gratifying
odoriferous
odorous
perfumed
scented
sweet-scented
sweet-smelling
fresh
unfermented
sugared
sweetened
sweet-flavored
sweetly
Synonyms for center:
centre
middle
heart
eye
center field
centerfield
midpoint
kernel
substance
core
essence
gist
heart and soul
inwardness
marrow
meat
nub
pith
sum
nitty-gritty
center of attention
centre of attention
nerve center
nerve centre
snapper
plaza
mall
shopping mall
shopping center
shopping centre
focus on
center on
revolve around
revolve about
concentrate on
concentrate
focus
pore
rivet
halfway
midway
Synonyms for said:
state
say
tell
allege
aver
suppose
read
order
enjoin
pronounce
articulate
enounce
sound out
enunciate
aforesaid
aforementioned
Synonyms for angry:
furious
raging
tempestuous
wild
Synonyms for iPhone:
Synonyms for ThisIsNotARealWorddd:
Synonyms for awesome:
amazing
awe-inspiring
awful
awing
Synonyms for amazing:
amaze
astonish
astound
perplex
vex
stick
get
puzzle
mystify
baffle
beat
pose
bewilder
flummox
stupefy
nonplus
gravel
dumbfound
astonishing
awe-inspiring
awesome
awful
awing
Synonyms for jim dandy:
Synonyms for change:
alteration
modification
variety
alter
modify
vary
switch
shift
exchange
commute
convert
interchange
transfer
deepen
【讨论】：
我最近为同义词编写了同义词库查找代码，我使用了这个功能：
def find_synonyms(keyword) :
synonyms = []
for synset in wordnet.synsets(keyword):
for lemma in synset.lemmas():
synonyms.append(lemma.name())
return str(synonyms)
但如果您更喜欢托管自己的词典，您可能会对我的 github 页面上的离线同义词词典查找项目感兴趣：
https://github.com/syauqiex/offline_english_synonym_dictionary
【讨论】：
打印给定单词同义词的最简单程序
from nltk.corpus import wordnet
for syn in wordnet.synsets("good"):
for name in syn.lemma_names():
print(name)
【讨论】：
这对我有用
wordnet.synsets('change')[0].hypernyms()[0].lemma_names()
【讨论】：
您可以使用wordnet.synset 和lemmas 来获取所有同义词：
示例：
from itertools import chain
from nltk.corpus import wordnet
synonyms = wordnet.synsets(text)
lemmas = set(chain.from_iterable([word.lemma_names() for word in synonyms]))
演示：
>>> synonyms = wordnet.synsets('change')
>>> set(chain.from_iterable([word.lemma_names() for word in synonyms]))
set([u'interchange', u'convert', u'variety', u'vary', u'exchange', u'modify', u'alteration', u'switch', u'commute', u'shift', u'modification', u'deepen', u'transfer', u'alter', u'change'])
【讨论】：
from nltk.corpus import wordnet
synonyms = wordnet.synsets('test') 失败
如果您想要同义词集中的同义词（也就是组成该集合的引理），您可以通过lemma_names() 获取它们：
>>> for ss in wn.synsets('small'):
>>> print(ss.name(), ss.lemma_names())
small.n.01 ['small']
small.n.02 ['small']
small.a.01 ['small', 'little']
minor.s.10 ['minor', 'modest', 'small', 'small-scale', 'pocket-size', 'pocket-sized']
little.s.03 ['little', 'small']
small.s.04 ['small']
humble.s.01 ['humble', 'low', 'lowly', 'modest', 'small']
...
【讨论】：