【发布时间】：2020-05-05 03:46:51
【问题描述】：
如果某个进程以管理员身份运行，是否有任何函数可以使用 python 检查？ 以下是如何检查进程是否正在运行，但我想检查它是否在管理员权限下运行： Python check if a process is running or not
【问题讨论】：
标签： python windows process operating-system admin
【发布时间】：2020-05-05 03:46:51
【问题描述】：
你可以试试调用windll func：
import ctypes
print ctypes.windll.shell32.IsUserAnAdmin()
【讨论】：
-
但是我想检查一个特定的窗口是否以管理员模式打开。
-
我可以确认，如果该进程不是以管理员身份运行，则返回 0，如果以管理员身份运行，则返回 1。
import ctypes, os
def isAdmin():
try:
is_admin = (os.getuid() == 0)
except AttributeError:
is_admin = ctypes.windll.shell32.IsUserAnAdmin() != 0
return is_admin
print isAdmin()
不确定这是否可行，但请尝试将 os.getuid() 替换为您要检查的进程 ID！让我知道这个是否奏效。
【讨论】：
-
robobrno 对 Windows 的回答也使用了
IsUserAnAdmin，但 OP 显然需要知道“特定窗口是否以管理员模式打开”。我将其解释为一种天真的方式，即要求知道其他进程是否具有管理员访问权限。这是一个在 Windows 中要解决的复杂得多的问题，因为 API 没有提供简单的函数来检查 PID 是否有管理员访问权限。 -
我也解释了同样的事情（检查某个进程是否有管理员权限），我的错。
标准库和 psutil 都不包含检查另一个进程的用户是否是管理员的函数。您需要使用 ctypes 或 PyWin32 直接访问 Windows API。
检查访问令牌中是否存在和启用 SID 的推荐函数是CheckTokenMembership。这需要一个模拟令牌（即线程令牌），这使事情变得复杂，因为某些令牌的安全性甚至不允许管理员通过DuplicateTokenEx 将它们复制为模拟令牌。作为回退，您可以打开具有查询访问权限的进程主令牌，并在您从GetTokenInformation 获得的令牌组中手动检查启用的 SID。
无论哪种情况，您都需要通过OpenProcess 打开目标进程的句柄。句柄至少需要有限的查询访问权限才能被允许通过OpenProcessToken 获取主令牌。 （也就是说，获取令牌也受到令牌本身安全性的限制。）获得对系统受保护进程的有限查询访问需要 SeDebugPrivilege。在下面的代码示例中，我包含了一个上下文管理器，它允许为当前线程临时启用此权限。
您还需要管理员组的 SID，可以通过 CreateWellKnownSid 获得。
ctypes 定义
import ctypes
import contextlib
from ctypes import wintypes
kernel32 = ctypes.WinDLL('kernel32', use_last_error=True)
advapi32 = ctypes.WinDLL('advapi32', use_last_error=True)
ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED = 5
ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER = 122
ERROR_NO_TOKEN = 1008
ERROR_NOT_ALL_ASSIGNED = 1300
# TOKEN_TYPE
TokenPrimary = 1
TokenImpersonation = 2
# SECURITY_IMPERSONATION_LEVEL
SecurityAnonymous = 0
SecurityIdentification = 1
SecurityImpersonation = 2
SecurityDelegation = 3
# TOKEN_INFORMATION_CLASS
TokenUser = 1
TokenGroups = 2
TokenPrivileges = 3
TokenOwner = 4
# WELL_KNOWN_SID_TYPE
WinBuiltinAdministratorsSid = 26
PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION = 0x1000
TOKEN_ASSIGN_PRIMARY = 0x0001
TOKEN_DUPLICATE = 0x0002
TOKEN_IMPERSONATE = 0x0004
TOKEN_QUERY = 0x0008
TOKEN_QUERY_SOURCE = 0x0010
TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES = 0x0020
TOKEN_ADJUST_GROUPS = 0x0040
TOKEN_ADJUST_DEFAULT = 0x0080
TOKEN_ADJUST_SESSIONID = 0x0100
TOKEN_ALL_ACCESS = 0x000F0000 | 0x01FF
SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT = 0x00000001
SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED = 0x00000002
SE_PRIVILEGE_REMOVED = 0x00000004
SE_PRIVILEGE_USED_FOR_ACCESS = 0x80000000
SE_GROUP_MANDATORY = 0x00000001
SE_GROUP_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT = 0x00000002
SE_GROUP_ENABLED = 0x00000004
SE_GROUP_OWNER = 0x00000008
SE_GROUP_USE_FOR_DENY_ONLY = 0x00000010
SE_GROUP_INTEGRITY = 0x00000020
SE_GROUP_INTEGRITY_ENABLED = 0x00000040
SE_GROUP_LOGON_ID = 0xC0000000
SE_GROUP_RESOURCE = 0x20000000
SE_CREATE_TOKEN_NAME = 'SeCreateTokenPrivilege'
SE_ASSIGNPRIMARYTOKEN_NAME = 'SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege'
SE_LOCK_MEMORY_NAME = 'SeLockMemoryPrivilege'
SE_INCREASE_QUOTA_NAME = 'SeIncreaseQuotaPrivilege'
SE_MACHINE_ACCOUNT_NAME = 'SeMachineAccountPrivilege'
SE_TCB_NAME = 'SeTcbPrivilege'
SE_SECURITY_NAME = 'SeSecurityPrivilege'
SE_TAKE_OWNERSHIP_NAME = 'SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege'
SE_LOAD_DRIVER_NAME = 'SeLoadDriverPrivilege'
SE_SYSTEM_PROFILE_NAME = 'SeSystemProfilePrivilege'
SE_SYSTEMTIME_NAME = 'SeSystemtimePrivilege'
SE_PROF_SINGLE_PROCESS_NAME = 'SeProfileSingleProcessPrivilege'
SE_INC_BASE_PRIORITY_NAME = 'SeIncreaseBasePriorityPrivilege'
SE_CREATE_PAGEFILE_NAME = 'SeCreatePagefilePrivilege'
SE_CREATE_PERMANENT_NAME = 'SeCreatePermanentPrivilege'
SE_BACKUP_NAME = 'SeBackupPrivilege'
SE_RESTORE_NAME = 'SeRestorePrivilege'
SE_SHUTDOWN_NAME = 'SeShutdownPrivilege'
SE_DEBUG_NAME = 'SeDebugPrivilege'
SE_AUDIT_NAME = 'SeAuditPrivilege'
SE_SYSTEM_ENVIRONMENT_NAME = 'SeSystemEnvironmentPrivilege'
SE_CHANGE_NOTIFY_NAME = 'SeChangeNotifyPrivilege'
SE_REMOTE_SHUTDOWN_NAME = 'SeRemoteShutdownPrivilege'
SE_UNDOCK_NAME = 'SeUndockPrivilege'
SE_SYNC_AGENT_NAME = 'SeSyncAgentPrivilege'
SE_ENABLE_DELEGATION_NAME = 'SeEnableDelegationPrivilege'
SE_MANAGE_VOLUME_NAME = 'SeManageVolumePrivilege'
SE_IMPERSONATE_NAME = 'SeImpersonatePrivilege'
SE_CREATE_GLOBAL_NAME = 'SeCreateGlobalPrivilege'
SE_TRUSTED_CREDMAN_ACCESS_NAME = 'SeTrustedCredManAccessPrivilege'
SE_RELABEL_NAME = 'SeRelabelPrivilege'
SE_INC_WORKING_SET_NAME = 'SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege'
SE_TIME_ZONE_NAME = 'SeTimeZonePrivilege'
SE_CREATE_SYMBOLIC_LINK_NAME = 'SeCreateSymbolicLinkPrivilege'
class HANDLE(wintypes.HANDLE):
__slots__ = ('closed',)
def detach(self):
if not getattr(self, 'closed', False):
self.closed = True
value = int(self)
self.value = None
return value
raise ValueError("already closed")
def close(self, *, CloseHandle=kernel32.CloseHandle):
if self and not getattr(self, 'closed', False):
CloseHandle(self.detach())
def __enter__(self):
return self
def __exit__(self, cls, value, traceback):
self.close()
def __int__(self):
return self.value or 0
def __repr__(self):
return "%s(%d)" % (self.__class__.__name__, int(self))
__del__ = close
PHANDLE = ctypes.POINTER(HANDLE)
class LUID(ctypes.Structure):
_fields_ = (('LowPart', wintypes.DWORD),
('HighPart', wintypes.LONG))
@property
def value(self):
return ctypes.c_longlong.from_buffer(self).value
@value.setter
def value(self, v):
ctypes.c_longlong.from_buffer(self).value = v
PLUID = ctypes.POINTER(LUID)
class LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES(ctypes.Structure):
_fields_ = (('Luid', LUID),
('Attributes', wintypes.DWORD))
class TOKEN_PRIVILEGES(ctypes.Structure):
_fields_ = (('PrivilegeCount', wintypes.DWORD),
('_Privileges', LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES * 0))
def __init__(self, PrivilegeCount=1, *args):
super(TOKEN_PRIVILEGES, self).__init__(PrivilegeCount, *args)
if PrivilegeCount < 0:
raise ValueError('PrivilegeCount must be non-negative.')
if PrivilegeCount > 0:
ctypes.resize(self, ctypes.sizeof(self) +
PrivilegeCount * ctypes.sizeof(LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES))
@property
def Privileges(self):
dtype = LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES * self.PrivilegeCount
offset = type(self)._Privileges.offset
return dtype.from_buffer(self, offset)
PTOKEN_PRIVILEGES = ctypes.POINTER(TOKEN_PRIVILEGES)
class SID_IDENTIFIER_AUTHORITY(ctypes.Structure):
_fields_ = (('Value', ctypes.c_ubyte * 6),)
class SID(ctypes.Structure):
_fields_ = (('Revision', ctypes.c_ubyte),
('SubAuthorityCount', ctypes.c_ubyte),
('IdentifierAuthority', SID_IDENTIFIER_AUTHORITY),
('_SubAuthority', wintypes.DWORD * 0))
def __init__(self, Revision=1, SubAuthorityCount=1, *args):
super(SID, self).__init__(Revision, SubAuthorityCount, *args)
if SubAuthorityCount < 0:
raise ValueError('SubAuthorityCount must be non-negative.')
if SubAuthorityCount > 0:
ctypes.resize(self, ctypes.sizeof(self) + 4 * SubAuthorityCount)
@property
def SubAuthority(self):
dtype = wintypes.DWORD * self.SubAuthorityCount
offset = type(self)._SubAuthority.offset
address = ctypes.addressof(self) + offset
array = dtype.from_address(address)
array._obj = self
return array
def __bytes__(self):
size = ctypes.sizeof(SID) + 4 * self.SubAuthorityCount
array = (ctypes.c_char * size).from_address(ctypes.addressof(self))
return array[:]
PSID = ctypes.POINTER(SID)
class SID_AND_ATTRIBUTES(ctypes.Structure):
_fields_ = (('Sid', PSID),
('Attributes', wintypes.DWORD))
class TOKEN_GROUPS(ctypes.Structure):
_fields_ = (('GroupCount', wintypes.DWORD),
('_Groups', SID_AND_ATTRIBUTES * 0))
def __init__(self, GroupCount=1, *args):
super(TOKEN_GROUPS, self).__init__(GroupCount, *args)
if GroupCount < 0:
raise ValueError('GroupCount must be non-negative.')
if GroupCount > 0:
ctypes.resize(self, ctypes.sizeof(self) +
GroupCount * ctypes.sizeof(SID_AND_ATTRIBUTES))
@property
def Groups(self):
dtype = SID_AND_ATTRIBUTES * self.GroupCount
offset = type(self)._Groups.offset
return dtype.from_buffer(self, offset)
PTOKEN_GROUPS = ctypes.POINTER(TOKEN_GROUPS)
def _nonzero_success(result, func, args):
if not result:
raise ctypes.WinError(ctypes.get_last_error())
return args
advapi32.LookupPrivilegeValueW.errcheck = _nonzero_success
advapi32.LookupPrivilegeValueW.argtypes = (
wintypes.LPCWSTR, # _In_opt_ lpSystemName
wintypes.LPCWSTR, # _In_ lpName
PLUID) # _Out_ lpLuid
advapi32.CreateWellKnownSid.errcheck = _nonzero_success
advapi32.CreateWellKnownSid.argtypes = (
wintypes.DWORD, # WellKnownSidType,
ctypes.c_char_p, # DomainSid
ctypes.c_char_p, # pSid
wintypes.PDWORD) # cbSid
kernel32.CloseHandle.argtypes = (wintypes.HANDLE,)
kernel32.GetCurrentProcess.restype = wintypes.HANDLE
kernel32.GetCurrentThread.restype = wintypes.HANDLE
kernel32.OpenProcess.errcheck = _nonzero_success
kernel32.OpenProcess.restype = HANDLE
kernel32.OpenProcess.argtypes = (
wintypes.DWORD, # _In_ dwDesiredAccess
wintypes.BOOL, # _In_ bInheritHandle
wintypes.DWORD) # _In_ dwProcessId
advapi32.OpenProcessToken.errcheck = _nonzero_success
advapi32.OpenProcessToken.argtypes = (
wintypes.HANDLE, # _In_ ProcessHandle
wintypes.DWORD, # _In_ DesiredAccess
PHANDLE) # _Out_ TokenHandle
advapi32.OpenThreadToken.errcheck = _nonzero_success
advapi32.OpenThreadToken.argtypes = (
wintypes.HANDLE, # _In_ ThreadHandle
wintypes.DWORD, # _In_ DesiredAccess
wintypes.BOOL, # _In_ OpenAsSelf
PHANDLE) # _Out_ TokenHandle
advapi32.SetThreadToken.errcheck = _nonzero_success
advapi32.SetThreadToken.argtypes = (
wintypes.PHANDLE, # Thread
wintypes.HANDLE) # Token
advapi32.DuplicateTokenEx.argtypes = (
wintypes.HANDLE, # hExistingToken
wintypes.DWORD, # dwDesiredAccess
wintypes.LPVOID, # lpTokenAttributes
wintypes.DWORD, # ImpersonationLevel
wintypes.DWORD, # TokenType
PHANDLE) # phNewToken
advapi32.GetTokenInformation.errcheck = _nonzero_success
advapi32.GetTokenInformation.argtypes = (
wintypes.HANDLE, # _In_ TokenHandle
wintypes.DWORD, # _In_ TokenInformationClass
wintypes.LPVOID, # _Out_opt_ TokenInformation
wintypes.DWORD, # _In_ TokenInformationLength
wintypes.PDWORD) # _Out_ ReturnLength
advapi32.CheckTokenMembership.errcheck = _nonzero_success
advapi32.CheckTokenMembership.argtypes = (
wintypes.HANDLE, # TokenHandle
ctypes.c_char_p, # SidToCheck
wintypes.PBOOL) # IsMember
advapi32.AdjustTokenPrivileges.errcheck = _nonzero_success
advapi32.AdjustTokenPrivileges.argtypes = (
wintypes.HANDLE, # _In_ TokenHandle
wintypes.BOOL, # _In_ DisableAllPrivileges
PTOKEN_PRIVILEGES, # _In_opt_ NewState
wintypes.DWORD, # _In_ BufferLength
PTOKEN_PRIVILEGES, # _Out_opt_ PreviousState
wintypes.PDWORD) # _Out_opt_ ReturnLength
辅助函数
def create_well_known_sid(sid_type):
sid = (ctypes.c_char * 1)()
cbSid = wintypes.DWORD()
try:
advapi32.CreateWellKnownSid(sid_type, None, sid, ctypes.byref(cbSid))
except OSError as e:
if e.winerror != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER:
raise
sid = (ctypes.c_char * cbSid.value)()
advapi32.CreateWellKnownSid(sid_type, None, sid, ctypes.byref(cbSid))
return sid[:]
def adjust_token_privileges(hToken, new_state=(), disable_all=False,
return_previous_state=True):
pNewState = PTOKEN_PRIVILEGES()
pPreviousState = PTOKEN_PRIVILEGES()
pReturnLength = wintypes.PDWORD()
bufferLength = 0
if not disable_all:
newState = TOKEN_PRIVILEGES(len(new_state))
pNewState.contents = newState
for priv, (luid, attr) in zip(newState.Privileges, new_state):
priv.Luid.value = luid
priv.Attributes = attr
if return_previous_state:
previousState = TOKEN_PRIVILEGES(len(new_state))
returnLength = wintypes.DWORD()
bufferLength = ctypes.sizeof(previousState)
pPreviousState.contents = previousState
pReturnLength.contents = returnLength
while True:
try:
advapi32.AdjustTokenPrivileges(hToken, disable_all,
pNewState, bufferLength, pPreviousState, pReturnLength)
break
except OSError as e:
if (not return_previous_state
or e.winerror != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER):
raise
bufferLength = returnLength.value
ctypes.resize(previousState, bufferLength)
pPreviousState.contents = previousState
if not return_previous_state:
return []
return [(p.Luid.value, p.Attributes) for p in previousState.Privileges]
def enable_token_privileges(hToken, *privilege_names):
luid = LUID()
state = []
for name in privilege_names:
advapi32.LookupPrivilegeValueW(None, name, ctypes.byref(luid))
state.append((luid.value, SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED))
return adjust_token_privileges(hToken, state)
@contextlib.contextmanager
def open_effective_token(access, open_as_self=True):
"""Open the effective token of the current thread.
If the current thread is not already impersonating, it first
impersonates the token of the current process, which allows enabling
privileges and groups only for the current thread.
"""
hThread = kernel32.GetCurrentThread()
hToken = HANDLE()
access |= TOKEN_IMPERSONATE
try:
advapi32.OpenThreadToken(hThread, access, open_as_self,
ctypes.byref(hToken))
impersonated_self = False
except OSError as e:
if e.winerror != ERROR_NO_TOKEN:
raise
hProcess = kernel32.GetCurrentProcess()
hTokenProcess = HANDLE()
advapi32.OpenProcessToken(hProcess, TOKEN_DUPLICATE,
ctypes.byref(hTokenProcess))
with hTokenProcess:
advapi32.DuplicateTokenEx(hTokenProcess, access, None,
SecurityImpersonation, TokenImpersonation,
ctypes.byref(hToken))
advapi32.SetThreadToken(None, hToken)
impersonated_self = True
try:
yield hToken
finally:
with hToken:
if impersonated_self:
advapi32.SetThreadToken(None, None)
@contextlib.contextmanager
def enable_privileges(*privilege_names):
"""Enable a set of privileges for the current thread."""
access = TOKEN_QUERY | TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES
with open_effective_token(access) as hToken:
prev_state = enable_token_privileges(hToken, *privilege_names)
try:
yield
finally:
if prev_state:
adjust_token_privileges(hToken, prev_state)
def get_primary_token(pid, access=TOKEN_QUERY):
hToken = HANDLE()
with enable_privileges(SE_DEBUG_NAME):
hProcess = kernel32.OpenProcess(
PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION, False, pid)
with hProcess:
advapi32.OpenProcessToken(hProcess, access, ctypes.byref(hToken))
return hToken
def get_identification_token(pid, access=TOKEN_QUERY):
hToken = HANDLE()
with enable_privileges(SE_DEBUG_NAME):
hProcess = kernel32.OpenProcess(
PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION, False, pid)
with hProcess:
hTokenProcess = HANDLE()
advapi32.OpenProcessToken(hProcess, TOKEN_DUPLICATE,
ctypes.byref(hTokenProcess))
with hTokenProcess:
advapi32.DuplicateTokenEx(hTokenProcess, access, None,
SecurityIdentification, TokenImpersonation,
ctypes.byref(hToken))
return hToken
def check_token_membership(hToken, pSid):
isAdmin = wintypes.BOOL()
advapi32.CheckTokenMembership(hToken, pSid, ctypes.byref(isAdmin))
return bool(isAdmin)
def get_token_groups(hToken):
tokenGroups = TOKEN_GROUPS()
returnLength = wintypes.DWORD()
while True:
try:
advapi32.GetTokenInformation(hToken, TokenGroups,
ctypes.byref(tokenGroups), ctypes.sizeof(tokenGroups),
ctypes.byref(returnLength))
break
except OSError as e:
if e.winerror != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER:
raise
ctypes.resize(tokenGroups, returnLength.value)
return [(bytes(g.Sid[0]), g.Attributes) for g in tokenGroups.Groups]
主要功能
def is_process_user_an_admin(pid):
adminSid = create_well_known_sid(WinBuiltinAdministratorsSid)
try:
with get_identification_token(pid) as hToken:
return check_token_membership(hToken, adminSid)
except OSError as e:
if e.winerror != ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED:
raise
with get_primary_token(pid) as hToken:
groups = get_token_groups(hToken)
for sid, attributes in groups:
if sid == adminSid:
return bool(attributes & SE_GROUP_ENABLED)
return False
示例
会话客户端-服务器运行时进程（CSR，即“csrss.exe”）是受保护的系统进程，因此我们需要 SeDebugPrivilege 来查询其令牌。此权限仅在 Python 作为提升的管理员或系统进程运行时可用。当作为标准进程运行时，访问将被拒绝。对于以下测试，我们将调用CsrGetProcessId（未记录）来获取会话 CSR 进程的 PID。
Python 作为标准用户进程运行：
>>> ntdll = ctypes.WinDLL('ntdll')
>>> pid = ntdll.CsrGetProcessId()
>>> try: is_process_user_an_admin(pid)
... except OSError as e: e
...
PermissionError(13, 'Access is denied.', None, 5)
Python 作为提升的管理员进程运行：
>>> pid = ntdll.CsrGetProcessId()
>>> is_process_user_an_admin(pid)
True
【讨论】：