获取脚本中 OS X shell 脚本所在的路径...当路径有空格时答案

【问题标题】：Getting the path where an OS X shell script is located within the script...when the path has whitespace获取脚本中 OS X shell 脚本所在的路径...当路径有空格时
【发布时间】：2011-08-16 21:36:34
【问题描述】：

我在 Bash 脚本中使用它来获取运行脚本的路径。在 OS X 中双击 .command 文件是必需的。

#!/bin/bash
BASEDIR=$(dirname $0)
cd $BASEDIR

问题是当路径有空格时它不起作用。你会如何解决这个问题？

【问题讨论】：

检查Getting the source directory of a Bash script from within。

标签： macos bash

【解决方案1】：

#!/bin/bash
BASEDIR="$( dirname "$0" )"
cd "$BASEDIR"

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

你必须使用引号：

#!/bin/bash
BASEDIR=$(dirname $0)
cd "$BASEDIR"

【讨论】：

还是不行，问题出在 with dirname: usage: dirname path
检查 $PWD 是否匹配 $0 路径。这可能会在 basedir 中产生空结果
您还需要在 $0 组件周围加上引号，以便它作为单个参数而不是多个参数出现在 dirname 中。
您需要在任何内容周围加上引号，以防止包含空格的变量出现副作用..请参考此答案stackoverflow.com/a/5857203/1032370

【解决方案3】：

我正在使用它来启动我的 plackup 服务器，我的：“run.command”

DIR=`dirname "$0"`
cd "$DIR"
plackup -r

【讨论】：

【解决方案4】：

这可能很糟糕。先前的答案都不会解决符号链接。这个应该是相当可移植的（用破折号和 bash 双重检查），并且将遍历路径中带有空格的符号链接：

#!/bin/sh # dash bash ksh # !zsh (issues). G. Nixon, 12/2013. Public domain.

## 'linkread' or 'fullpath' or (you choose) is a little tool to recursively
## dereference symbolic links (ala 'readlink') until the originating file
## is found. This is effectively the same function provided in stdlib.h as
## 'realpath' and on the command line in GNU 'readlink -f'.

##===-------------------------------------------------------------------===##

for argv; do :; done # Last parameter on command line, for options parsing.

## Error messages. Use functions so that we can sub in when the error occurs.

recurses(){ printf "Self-referential:\n\t$argv ->\n\t$argv\n" ;}
dangling(){ printf "Broken symlink:\n\t$argv ->\n\t"$(readlink "$argv")"\n" ;}
errnoent(){ printf "No such file: "$@"\n" ;} # Borrow a horrible signal name.

# Probably best not to install as 'pathfull', if you can avoid it.

pathfull(){ cd "$(dirname "$@")"; link="$(readlink "$(basename "$@")")"

## 'test and 'ls' report different status for bad symlinks, so we use this.

 if [ ! -e "$@" ]; then if $(ls -d "$@" 2>/dev/null) 2>/dev/null;  then
    errnoent 1>&2; exit 1; elif [ ! -e "$@" -a "$link" = "$@" ];   then
    recurses 1>&2; exit 1; elif [ ! -e "$@" ] && [ ! -z "$link" ]; then
    dangling 1>&2; exit 1; fi
 fi

## Not a link, but there might be one in the path, so 'cd' and 'pwd'.

 if [ -z "$link" ]; then if [ "$(dirname "$@" | cut -c1)" = '/' ]; then
   printf "$@\n"; exit 0; else printf "$(pwd)/$(basename "$@")\n"; fi; exit 0
 fi

## Walk the symlinks back to the origin. Calls itself recursivly as needed.

 while [ "$link" ]; do
   cd "$(dirname "$link")"; newlink="$(readlink "$(basename "$link")")"
   case "$newlink" in
    "$link") dangling 1>&2 && exit 1                                       ;;
         '') printf "$(pwd)/$(basename "$link")\n"; exit 0                 ;;
          *) link="$newlink" && pathfull "$link"                           ;;
   esac
 done
 printf "$(pwd)/$(basename "$newlink")\n"
}

## Demo. Install somewhere deep in the filesystem, then symlink somewhere 
## else, symlink again (maybe with a different name) elsewhere, and link
## back into the directory you started in (or something.) The absolute path
## of the script will always be reported in the usage, along with "$0".

if [ -z "$argv" ]; then scriptname="$(pathfull "$0")"

# Yay ANSI l33t codes! Fancy.
 printf "\n\033[3mfrom/as: \033[4m$0\033[0m\n\n\033[1mUSAGE:\033[0m   "
 printf "\033[4m$scriptname\033[24m [ link | file | dir ]\n\n         "
 printf "Recursive readlink for the authoritative file, symlink after "
 printf "symlink.\n\n\n         \033[4m$scriptname\033[24m\n\n        "
 printf " From within an invocation of a script, locate the script's "
 printf "own file\n         (no matter where it has been linked or "
 printf "from where it is being called).\n\n"

else pathfull "$@"
fi

【讨论】：