在后台为 GUI 运行函数

Question

我遇到了功能/GUI 问题。我正在编写一个启动例程并检查时间是否在上午 8 点和某个停止时间之间的灯光功能。该例程从上午 8 点开始，并在该任意时间结束。问题是，一旦我在这个例程上点击开始，GUI 不会让我用那个开始按钮离开窗口，因为它卡在计时例程中。我真的很希望能够将计时器设置为在后台运行，然后能够离开该 GUI 的窗口。看起来线程是做到这一点的关键，但我不确定。

我将 GUI 代码放在一个单独的文件中，以简化我的工作。我还没有探索过任何 GUI 中断工具。

这是我的代码

import datetime
from threading import Timer
import tkinter as tk
import time

# =============================================================================
# userInput takes a formatted input and passes it back to main.
# =============================================================================
def userInput():
        try:
            startTime = datetime.datetime.strptime(input('When would you like the routine to start in HH:MM 24 hour format: '), "%H:%M").time()
            print (startTime.strftime("%H:%M"))
        except:
            print ("Please enter correct time in HHMM format")

        try:
            redTime = datetime.datetime.strptime(input('When would you to start the red shift in HH:MM 24 hour format: '), "%H:%M").time()
            print (redTime.strftime("%H:%M"))
        except:
            print ("Please enter correct time in HHMM format")

        return startTime, redTime

# =============================================================================
# timeComparator is a function which, if the user changes any settings or chooses
# start in the middle of a cycle, implements the correct routine depending on 
# where in the cycle it's in. Right now, it's being utitilized to just test.
# The actual function of this will be adjusted later.
# =============================================================================            
def timeComparator(startTimered, redTime):
    now = datetime.datetime.now().time()
    #this obtains the current time
    #if statement compares input from 
    print("The current time is: ", now)
    if (now < startTime):
        print ("hello human")
    elif (now > startTime):
        print ("hello plant")

# =============================================================================
# This routine is intended to be controlled by the user in the manual portion
# of the GUI. This receives the start time and returns secs to initiate the 
# timer.
# =============================================================================
def manualRoutine(startTime, redTime):

    now = datetime.datetime.now().time()
    nowSeconds = (((now.hour * 60) + now.minute) * 60) + now.second

    startSeconds = ((startTime.hour * 60) + startTime.minute) * 60
    secsStart = startSeconds - nowSeconds

    redSeconds = ((redTime.hour * 60) + redTime.minute) * 60
    nowSeconds = (((now.hour * 60) + now.minute) * 60) + now.second
    secsRed = redSeconds - nowSeconds

    return secsStart, secsRed

# =============================================================================
# This function references 8am and 8pm and checks to see if the current time is
# between these two time anchors. If it is, it'll implement the lights in the
# while loop. This is meant to be implemented for both the plant life and
# the automatic human routine.
# =============================================================================
def autoRoutine():
    now = datetime.datetime.now().time()
    autoStart = now.replace(hour=8, minute=0)

    stoptime = datetime.datetime.now().time()
    autoStop = stoptime.replace(hour=12, minute=29)
    #WS2812 code here that  the autoStart and autoStop

    if (now > autoStart and now < autoStop):
            keepprint = False 
#    
    while (keepprint == False):

        nowloop = datetime.datetime.now().time()
        #nowloop keeps track of the current time through each loop

        print("the lights are starting")
        time.sleep (1.0)
        if (nowloop >= autoStop):
            keepprint = True
        #this breaks the loop after the stop time

    print(autoStart.strftime("%H:%M"))

    return autoStart
# =============================================================================
# blueFade is the function call for the beginning of the day light start up and
# midday light continuity. This function will end at the end of the cycle and 
# will immediately be followed by the orangeFade() function. Also, this will 
# receive the redTime to determine when to stop the function right before the 
# red shift
# =============================================================================
def blueFade(redTime):    

    print("sanity")
    keepprint = False

    while (keepprint == False):
            nowloop = datetime.datetime.now().time()

            print("manual routine lights are on")
            time.sleep(1.0)
            if (nowloop >= redTime):
                keepprint = True

    print("the manual routine has stopped")

    #WS2812 code here
    #redTime will be used to end this code before redFade begins




# =============================================================================
# redFade is a function in where the fade from blue to a more reddish hue starts.
# Depending on when the user stated they wanted the red shift to start, this will
# begin at that time and then fade from blue, to a reddish hue, then to completely
# off. This will take exactly 30 minutes
# =============================================================================
def redFade():

    print("the red hue is being imprinted")

# =============================================================================
# Main function. Will be used to call all other functions. The 
# =============================================================================
if __name__=="__main__":

#    autoRoutine()

    startTime, redTime = userInput()

    timeComparator(startTime, redTime)

    secsBlue, secsRed = manualRoutine(startTime, redTime)

    bluelights = Timer(secsBlue, lambda: blueFade(redTime))
    redlights = Timer(secsRed, redTime)

    bluelights.start()
    redlights.start()

在上面的代码中，我想在后台运行 autoRoutine() 以及蓝灯和红灯。现在，如果我知道如何在后面运行 autoRoutine()，我可能会修复它以同时执行蓝色和红灯计时器。提前致谢。

Answer 1

您可以通过实现threading.Thread() 在后台运行事情，该threading.Thread() 会传递所需的任何参数。大多数时候，我发现while True: 循环效果最好，因此线程将永远运行，但在某些情况下，您可能希望.join() 线程回到主执行流程。我通常使用while some_global_variable == 1 执行此操作，然后您可以从函数外部对其进行编辑，或者只是等待线程自行到达分配函数的末尾。主要流程如下所示：

import threading # standard library, no pip-install
import tkinter as tk
import time

start = time.time()

win = tk.Tk()
label = tk.Label()
label.grid()

def worker_function():
    while True:
        now = time.time()
        elapsed = now - start
        label.configure(text='{:5.2}'.format(elapsed))

t = threading.Thread(target=worker_function, args=[])
t.daemon = True
t.start() # our thread will run until the end of the assigned function (worker_function here)
# this will never end because there is a while True: within worker_function

win.mainloop()

此外，您可以在提供的 [] 中为您的线程提供参数（即使只有 1 个参数，它也需要一个列表）。所以如果我们的函数是：

def worker_function(a, b, c, d):

我们的线程将被创建为：

t = threading.Thread(target=worker_function, args=[a, b, c, d])

还要注意它是target=worker_function 而不是target=worker_function()