无法升级pip

Question

我想安装一些库来学习机器学习。我说的是我需要升级 pip，但是当我尝试安装它时

$ pip install --upgrade pip
Collecting pip
  Using cached pip-9.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: pip
  Found existing installation: pip 8.1.2
    Uninstalling pip-8.1.2:
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 215, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 317, in run
    prefix=options.prefix_path,
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 736, in install
    requirement.uninstall(auto_confirm=True)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_install.py", line 742, in uninstall
    paths_to_remove.remove(auto_confirm)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_uninstall.py", line 115, in remove
    renames(path, new_path)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/utils/__init__.py", line 267, in renames
    shutil.move(old, new)
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 303, in move
    os.unlink(src)
OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-8.1.2.dist-info/DESCRIPTION.rst'
You are using pip version 8.1.2, however version 9.0.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.

Answer 1

除非您使用的是 virtualenv，否则您必须使用 sudo 运行它。问题是您没有更改该模块的权限。使用 sudo，您将授予管理员更新它的权限。

sudo pip install --upgrade pip

Answer 2

错误

OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-8.1.2.dist-info/DESCRIPTION.rst'

显示你不能以普通用户升级pip，你必须以sudoer运行它

sudo pip install --upgrade pip

Answer 3

Windows：

1) 关闭当前命令提示符窗口。

2）再次打开它，但以管理员身份：右键单击并选择：“以管理员身份运行”

Linux 或 Unix：

正如 Tim 和 Haifeng 所说，以“sudo”开始命令。

Answer 4

升级点子

在 Linux 或 macOS 上：

pip install -U pip

在 Windows 上：

python -m pip install -U pip

Source

Answer 5

错误：找不到满足升级要求的版本（来自版本：无） 错误：找不到匹配的升级分发版

在 cmd 中输入这个来升级：

python -m pip install -U pip