将文件拆分为多个文件答案

【问题标题】：Splitting file into multiple files将文件拆分为多个文件
【发布时间】：2013-08-24 12:40:27
【问题描述】：

我想根据以数字（1. *）开头的行将文本文件拆分为多个文本文件例如我想将此文本文件拆分为 2 个文件：

 1. J Med Chem. 2013 May 23;56(10):4028-43. doi: 10.1021/jm400241j. Epub 2013 May 13.

Optimization of benzoxazole-based inhibitors of Cryptosporidium parvum inosine
5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase.

Gorla SK, Kavitha M, Zhang M, Chin JE, Liu X, Striepen B, Makowska-Grzyska M, Kim
Y, Joachimiak A, Hedstrom L, Cuny GD.

Department of Biology, Brandeis University , 415 South Street, Waltham,
Massachusetts 02454, USA.

Cryptosporidium parvum is an enteric protozoan parasite that has emerged as a
major cause of diarrhea, malnutrition, and gastroenteritis and poses a potential 
bioterrorism threat.

PMID: 23668331  [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


 2.Biochem Pharmacol. 2013 May 1;85(9):1370-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.02.014. Epub 
2013 Feb 16.

Carbonyl reduction of triadimefon by human and rodent 11β-hydroxysteroid
dehydrogenase 1.

Meyer A, Vuorinen A, Zielinska AE, Da Cunha T, Strajhar P, Lavery GG, Schuster D,
Odermatt A.

Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems
Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel,
Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.

11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) catalyzes the conversion of
inactive 11-oxo glucocorticoids (endogenous cortisone, 11-dehydrocorticosterone
and synthetic prednisone) to their potent 11β-hydroxyl forms (cortisol,
corticosterone and prednisolone).

Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

PMID: 23419873  [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

我试过了：

awk 'NF{print > $2;close($2);}' file

还有这个：

split -l 2

但我对如何给出空行感到困惑。（我是 awk 的新手。）

【问题讨论】：

我尝试了 awk 'NF{print > $2;close($2);}' 文件并拆分 -l 2 但对如何给出空行感到困惑。我是 awk 的新手

标签： macos shell unix awk split

【解决方案1】：

我认为您正在寻找的是：

awk '/^[[:space:]]+[[:digit:]]+\./{ if (fname) close(fname); fname="out_"$1; sub(/\..*/,"",fname) } {print > fname}' file

根据@zjhui 的要求评论版本：

awk '
/^[[:space:]]+[[:digit:]]+\./ {     # IF the line starts with spaces, then digits then a period THEN
    if (fname)                      #     IF the output file name variable is populated THEN
        close(fname)                #         close the file youve been writing to until now
                                    #     ENDIF
    fname="out_"$1                  #     set the output file name to the word "out_" followed by the first field of this line, e.g. "out_2.Biochem"
    sub(/\..*/,"",fname)            #     strip everything from the period on from the file name so it becomes e.g. "out_2"
}                                   # ENDIF
{                                   # IF true THEN
    print > fname                   #     print the current record to the filename stored in the variable fname, e.g. "out_2".
}                                   # ENDIF
' file

【讨论】：

我收到了这个错误。 awk：源代码行 1 上下文中的语法错误是 /^[[:space:]]+[[:digit:]]+\./{ if (fname) close(fname); fname="out_"$1; >>> sub(/\..*/,"",fname}
我添加了错误)。不得不说 - 我认为只需一点点想法，可能比你发表评论所花费的努力更少，你可以自己修复它。错误消息非常清楚，我相信您已经看到其他语言的函数调用。
它在我的机器上运行。我想知道这是如何工作的？你能解释一下吗？对于这个说法if (fname) close(fname); fname="out_"$1; sub(/\..*/,"",fname)看不清楚。
@zjhui 我加了评论版。

【解决方案2】：

这应该可行。

awk -F"\." '/^ +[0-9]+\./
           {
            gsub(/ /,"",$1);
            file="file_"$1
           }
          {
            print >file
          }' Your_file

【讨论】：

我认为你需要模式和至少在同一行上的左大括号。就目前而言，您检测数字并打印该行；每一行都与文件名混淆；然后打印到文件。