EDIT2：根据 Ed sir 的建议，用更有意义的数组名称 (IMO) 微调了我的建议。
awk '
match($0,/[^\|]*\|/){
val=substr($0,RSTART+RLENGTH)
if(!unique_check_count[val]++){
numbered_indexed_array[++count]=val
}
actual_valued_array[val]=(actual_valued_array[val]?actual_valued_array[val] ORS:"")$0
line_count_array[val]++
}
END{
for(i=1;i<=count;i++){
if(line_count_array[numbered_indexed_array[i]]>1){
print actual_valued_array[numbered_indexed_array[i]]
}
}
}
' Input_file
由 Ed Morton 编辑：FWIW 这是我在上述代码中命名变量的方式：
awk '
match($0,/[^\|]*\|/) {
key = substr($0,RSTART+RLENGTH)
if ( !numRecs[key]++ ) {
keys[++numKeys] = key
}
key2recs[key] = (key in key2recs ? key2recs[key] ORS : "") $0
}
END {
for ( keyNr=1; keyNr<=numKeys; keyNr++ ) {
key = keys[keyNr]
if ( numRecs[key]>1 ) {
print key2recs[key]
}
}
}
' Input_file
编辑： 由于 OP 将 Input_file 更改为 |delimited，因此将代码更改为如下所示，它处理新的 Input_file（感谢 Ed Morton 先生的指点出来）。
awk '
match($0,/[^\|]*\|/){
val=substr($0,RSTART+RLENGTH)
if(!a[val]++){
b[++count]=val
}
c[val]=(c[val]?c[val] ORS:"")$0
d[val]++
}
END{
for(i=1;i<=count;i++){
if(d[b[i]]>1){
print c[b[i]]
}
}
}
' Input_file
您能否尝试以下操作，以下将按照 Input_file 中出现的行的相同顺序给出输出。
awk '
match($0,/[^ ]* /){
val=substr($0,RSTART+RLENGTH)
if(!a[val]++){
b[++count]=val
}
c[val]=(c[val]?c[val] ORS:"")$0
d[val]++
}
END{
for(i=1;i<=count;i++){
if(d[b[i]]>1){
print c[b[i]]
}
}
}
' Input_file
输出如下。
2 learning Unix Business Team
4 learning Unix Business Team
6 learning Unix Business Team
3 learning Linux Business Requirements
5 learning Linux Business Requirements
以上代码说明：
awk ' ##Starting awk program here.
match($0,/[^ ]* /){ ##Using match function of awk which matches regex till first space is coming.
val=substr($0,RSTART+RLENGTH) ##Creating variable val whose value is sub-string is from starting point of RSTART+RLENGTH value to till end of line.
if(!a[val]++){ ##Checking condition if value of array a with index val is NULL then go further and increase its index too.
b[++count]=val ##Creating array b whose index is increment value of variable count and value is val variable.
} ##Closing BLOCK for if condition of array a here.
c[val]=(c[val]?c[val] ORS:"")$0 ##Creating array named c whose index is variable val and value is $0 along with keep concatenating its own value each time it comes here.
d[val]++ ##Creating array named d whose index is variable val and its value is keep increasing with 1 each time cursor comes here.
} ##Closing BLOCK for match here.
END{ ##Starting END BLOCK section for this awk program here.
for(i=1;i<=count;i++){ ##Starting for loop from i=1 to till value of count here.
if(d[b[i]]>1){ ##Checking if value of array d with index b[i] is greater than 1 then go inside block.
print c[b[i]] ##Printing value of array c whose index is b[i].
}
}
}
' Input_file ##Mentioning Input_file name here.