如何在 unix ksh shell 中比较某些产品的版本？

Question

版本格式 - X.X.X.X.
其中 X - 数字。
比较两个版本的最佳方法是什么？
我使用以下代码：

compareVersions()
{
  VER_1=$1
  VER_2=$2

  print -R "$VER_1"| IFS=. read v1_1 v1_2 v1_3 v1_4
  print -R "$VER_2"| IFS=. read v2_1 v2_2 v2_3 v2_4

  RESULT="0"

  if [[ "${v1_1}" -lt "${v2_1}" ]]
  then
     RESULT="-1"
  elif [[ "${v1_1}" -gt "${v2_1}" ]]
  then
     RESULT="1"
  elif [[ "${v1_2}" -lt "${v2_2}" ]]
  then
     RESULT="-1"
  elif [[ "${v1_2}" -gt "${v2_2}" ]]
  then
     RESULT="1"
  elif [[ "${v1_3}" -lt "${v2_3}" ]]
  then
     RESULT="-1"
  elif [[ "${v1_3}" -gt "${v2_3}" ]]
  then
     RESULT="1"
  elif [[ "${v1_4}" -lt "${v2_4}" ]]
  then
     RESULT="-1"
  elif [[ "${v1_4}" -gt "${v2_4}" ]]
  then
     RESULT="1"
  fi

  echo "$RESULT"
}

但我不喜欢它 - 它非常简单。
也许有很多正确的方法来比较版本？

Answer 1

这里是 shot 之前发布的一个稍微改进的方法。当没有 bash、sort -V 命令等（例如，在某些 docker 镜像中）时，这种方法可以挽救你的生命。

compareVersions() {
echo $1 $2 | \
awk '{ split($1, a, ".");
       split($2, b, ".");
       res = -1;
       for (i = 1; i <= 3; i++){
           if (a[i] < b[i]) {
               res =-1;
               break;
           } else if (a[i] > b[i]) {
               res = 1;
               break;
           } else if (a[i] == b[i]) {
               if (i == 3) {
               res = 0;
               break;
               } else {
               continue;
               }
           }
       }
       print res;
     }'
}

Answer 2

我遇到了这个问题，解决后看看是否有更好的答案。我的版本允许比较不同长度的版本字符串，是下面的version_ge()函数，应该用作“大于或等于”运算符，如

如果 version_ge "$version" "1.2.3.4";那么……

#!/bin/sh

# Usage: split "<word list>" <variable1> <variable2>...
# Split a string of $IFS seperated words into individual words, and
# assign them to a list of variables. If there are more words than
# variables then all the remaining words are put in the last variable;
# use a dummy last variable to collect any unwanted words.
# Any variables for which there are no words are cleared.
# eg.   split 'hello Fred this is Bill' greeting who extra
# sets  greeting=hello  who=Fred  extra="this is Bill"
# and   split "$list" word list   # "pops" the first word from a list
split()
{
    # Prefix local names with the function name to try to avoid conflicts
    # local split_wordlist
    split_wordlist="$1"
    shift
    read "$@" <<EOF-split-end-of-arguments
${split_wordlist}
EOF-split-end-of-arguments
}


# Usage: version_ge v1 v2
# Where v1 and v2 are multi-part version numbers such as 12.5.67
# Missing .<number>s on the end of a version are treated as .0, & leading
# zeros are not significant, so 1.2 == 1.2.0 == 1.2.0.0 == 01.2 == 1.02
# Returns true if v1 >= v2, false if v1 < v2
version_ge()
{
    # Prefix local names with the function name to try to avoid conflicts
    # local version_ge_1 version_ge_2 version_ge_a version_ge_b
    # local version_ge_save_ifs
    version_ge_v1="$1"
    version_ge_v2="$2"

    version_ge_save_ifs="$IFS"
    while test -n "${version_ge_v1}${version_ge_v2}"; do
        IFS="."
        split "$version_ge_v1" version_ge_a version_ge_v1
        split "$version_ge_v2" version_ge_b version_ge_v2
        IFS="$version_ge_save_ifs"
        #echo " compare  $version_ge_a  $version_ge_b"
        test "0$version_ge_a" -gt "0$version_ge_b" && return 0 # v1>v2: true
        test "0$version_ge_a" -lt "0$version_ge_b" && return 1 # v1<v2:false
    done
    # version strings are both empty & no differences found - must be equal.
    return 0 # v1==v2: true
}

Answer 3

您可以使用sort -V 对带有版本的行进行排序，并将您的版本与输出相匹配：

% cat sorttest 
#!/bin/sh

version_lt() {
  echo "$1\n$2" | sort -V | head -n 1 | grep -q "$1"
}

display_versioncmp() {
  version_lt "$1" "$2" && echo "$1 < $2" || echo "$1 > $2"
}

X="1.2.3"
Y="11.2.3"
Z="1.22.3"

display_versioncmp "$X" "$Y"
display_versioncmp "$Y" "$X"
display_versioncmp "$X" "$Z"
display_versioncmp "$Z" "$X"
display_versioncmp "$Z" "$Y"
display_versioncmp "$Y" "$Z"

% ./sorttest 
1.2.3 < 11.2.3
11.2.3 > 1.2.3
1.2.3 < 1.22.3
1.22.3 > 1.2.3
1.22.3 < 11.2.3
11.2.3 > 1.22.3

Answer 4

如果你可以通过在你的 shell 脚本中使用 Perl 来作弊，试试它的内置 handling of version strings 和字符串比较运算符：

V1=1.1.3; V2=1.1
echo $(perl -e '($x,$y)=@ARGV; print $x cmp $y' $V1 $V2)

你也可以去掉 Perl 变量，只使用 shift：

result=$(perl -e 'print shift cmp shift' $V1 $V2)

但这在 > 10 的版本上会失败。所以你可以试试这个：

perl -e '($a,$b)=@ARGV; for ($a,$b) {s/(\d+)/sprintf "%5d", $1/ge}; print $a cmp $b;' 12.1.3 9.0.2

“%5d”的 sprintf 是为了确保它甚至适用于 Firefox，直到版本 99999...:-)

显然，您也可以使用其他 Perl 字符串运算符，例如 gt、lt、ge 和 le。

Answer 5

纯 Bash / Ksh：

compareVersions ()
{
  typeset    IFS='.'
  typeset -a v1=( $1 )
  typeset -a v2=( $2 )
  typeset    n diff

  for (( n=0; n<4; n+=1 )); do
    diff=$((v1[n]-v2[n]))
    if [ $diff -ne 0 ] ; then
      [ $diff -le 0 ] && echo '-1' || echo '1'
      return
    fi
  done
  echo  '0'
} # ----------  end of function compareVersions  ----------

Answer 6

也许你可以使用awk？

echo $VER_1 $VER2 | \
awk '{ split($1, a, ".");
       split($2, b, ".");
       for (i = 1; i <= 4; i++)
           if (a[i] < b[i]) {
               x =-1;
               break;
           } else if (a[i] > b[i]) {
               x = 1;
               break;
           }
       print x;
     }'

没有完美的方法来做到这一点。如图所示，您可以对数字使用数组/循环，也可以在 bash 中使用。