PYTHON：访问字典中列表列表的元素答案

【问题标题】：PYTHON: Accessing elements of a list of lists in a dictionaryPYTHON：访问字典中列表列表的元素
【发布时间】：2019-02-13 21:30:11
【问题描述】：

我必须检查一个单词的每个发音，我已将其存储为：每个单词都在字典中（以下称为 wordAndPron），并且该字典中的每个单词都有多个存储为列表的发音。

{ 'RECORD' : 

[ ['R', 'AH0', 'K', 'AO1', 'R', 'D'], 

['R', 'EH1', 'K', 'ER0', 'D'], 

['R', 'IH0', 'K', 'AO1', 'R', 'D']]

}

{ 'MORTGAGE' :

[ ['M', 'AO1', 'R', 'G', 'AH0', 'JH'],

['M', 'AO1', 'R', 'G', 'IH0', 'JH']]

}

如何访问每个列表的元素？那么每个音素（如“R”和“AH0”）的位置是什么？

我将使用 for 循环遍历并相互比较音素（查找押韵词），但我不确定如何去做。

def primary_stress_position(wordAndPron):
        stress = ''
        stressedPosition = 0
        phoneme = 0
        for phoneme in wordAndPron.values():   # <<< Problem area
                if phoneme.endswith('1'):
                        stress = phoneme
                        stressedPosition = position
                position += 1
        return stress, stressedPosition

如果这是一个非常明显/简单的问题，我深表歉意，但我只是从 Java 开始 Python 并且只学习了其他编程课程！

这是课堂作业。我不是在问如何编写整个程序，只是在问如何访问各个元素。

【问题讨论】：

标签： python list dictionary for-loop

【解决方案1】：

由于wordAndPron dict 的唯一值是列表列表，您可以使用嵌套的for 循环来访问其中的音素。并且由于每个单词有多个发音，而不是只返回列表中第一个发音的重读音素，您应该使用函数yield 进行查找，以便调用者可以从生成器中获取给定单词的所有发音：

def primary_stress_position(wordAndPron):
    for entry in wordAndPron.values()[0]:
        for pron in entry:
            stress = ''
            stressedPosition = None
            position = 0
            for phoneme in pron:
                if phoneme.endswith('1'):
                    stress = phoneme
                    stressedPosition = position
                    break
                position += 1
            yield stress, stressedPosition

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

将所有单词放在一本字典中。访问值和部分值如下。

>>> d = {
'RECORD' :
[ ['R', 'AH0', 'K', 'AO1', 'R', 'D'],
['R', 'EH1', 'K', 'ER0', 'D'],
['R', 'IH0', 'K', 'AO1', 'R', 'D']],
'MORTGAGE' :
[ ['M', 'AO1', 'R', 'G', 'AH0', 'JH'],
['M', 'AO1', 'R', 'G', 'IH0', 'JH']]
}
>>> d['RECORD']
[['R', 'AH0', 'K', 'AO1', 'R', 'D'], ['R', 'EH1', 'K', 'ER0', 'D'], ['R', 'IH0', 'K', 'AO1', 'R', 'D']]
>>> d['RECORD'][0]
['R', 'AH0', 'K', 'AO1', 'R', 'D']
>>> d['RECORD'][0][0]
'R'
>>>

我不清楚你想在你的函数中做什么，所以我不能说如何修改它。

【讨论】：

【解决方案3】：

要访问字典中列表的元素，您只需要使用三个 for 循环，这相当简单，这段代码一目了然：

d = { 'RECORD' : 

[ ['R', 'AH0', 'K', 'AO1', 'R', 'D'], 

['R', 'EH1', 'K', 'ER0', 'D'], 

['R', 'IH0', 'K', 'AO1', 'R', 'D']]

, 
 'MORTGAGE' :

[ ['M', 'AO1', 'R', 'G', 'AH0', 'JH'],

['M', 'AO1', 'R', 'G', 'IH0', 'JH']]

}


for outter_list in d.values():
    print(f'the outter_list now is: {outter_list} \n')
    for inner_list in outter_list:
        print(f'the inner_list now is: {inner_list}')
        for element in inner_list:
            print(f'element: {element}  from current innerlist: {inner_list}')
        print('\n')
    print('--------------------------------------------')

输出：

the outter_list now is: [['R', 'AH0', 'K', 'AO1', 'R', 'D'], ['R', 'EH1', 'K', 'ER0', 'D'], ['R', 'IH0', 'K', 'AO1', 'R', 'D']]

the inner_list now is: ['R', 'AH0', 'K', 'AO1', 'R', 'D']
element: R  from current innerlist: ['R', 'AH0', 'K', 'AO1', 'R', 'D']
element: AH0  from current innerlist: ['R', 'AH0', 'K', 'AO1', 'R', 'D']
element: K  from current innerlist: ['R', 'AH0', 'K', 'AO1', 'R', 'D']
element: AO1  from current innerlist: ['R', 'AH0', 'K', 'AO1', 'R', 'D']
element: R  from current innerlist: ['R', 'AH0', 'K', 'AO1', 'R', 'D']
element: D  from current innerlist: ['R', 'AH0', 'K', 'AO1', 'R', 'D']


the inner_list now is: ['R', 'EH1', 'K', 'ER0', 'D']
element: R  from current innerlist: ['R', 'EH1', 'K', 'ER0', 'D']
element: EH1  from current innerlist: ['R', 'EH1', 'K', 'ER0', 'D']
element: K  from current innerlist: ['R', 'EH1', 'K', 'ER0', 'D']
element: ER0  from current innerlist: ['R', 'EH1', 'K', 'ER0', 'D']
element: D  from current innerlist: ['R', 'EH1', 'K', 'ER0', 'D']


the inner_list now is: ['R', 'IH0', 'K', 'AO1', 'R', 'D']
element: R  from current innerlist: ['R', 'IH0', 'K', 'AO1', 'R', 'D']
element: IH0  from current innerlist: ['R', 'IH0', 'K', 'AO1', 'R', 'D']
element: K  from current innerlist: ['R', 'IH0', 'K', 'AO1', 'R', 'D']
element: AO1  from current innerlist: ['R', 'IH0', 'K', 'AO1', 'R', 'D']
element: R  from current innerlist: ['R', 'IH0', 'K', 'AO1', 'R', 'D']
element: D  from current innerlist: ['R', 'IH0', 'K', 'AO1', 'R', 'D']


--------------------------------------------
the outter_list now is: [['M', 'AO1', 'R', 'G', 'AH0', 'JH'], ['M', 'AO1', 'R', 'G', 'IH0', 'JH']]

the inner_list now is: ['M', 'AO1', 'R', 'G', 'AH0', 'JH']
element: M  from current innerlist: ['M', 'AO1', 'R', 'G', 'AH0', 'JH']
element: AO1  from current innerlist: ['M', 'AO1', 'R', 'G', 'AH0', 'JH']
element: R  from current innerlist: ['M', 'AO1', 'R', 'G', 'AH0', 'JH']
element: G  from current innerlist: ['M', 'AO1', 'R', 'G', 'AH0', 'JH']
element: AH0  from current innerlist: ['M', 'AO1', 'R', 'G', 'AH0', 'JH']
element: JH  from current innerlist: ['M', 'AO1', 'R', 'G', 'AH0', 'JH']


the inner_list now is: ['M', 'AO1', 'R', 'G', 'IH0', 'JH']
element: M  from current innerlist: ['M', 'AO1', 'R', 'G', 'IH0', 'JH']
element: AO1  from current innerlist: ['M', 'AO1', 'R', 'G', 'IH0', 'JH']
element: R  from current innerlist: ['M', 'AO1', 'R', 'G', 'IH0', 'JH']
element: G  from current innerlist: ['M', 'AO1', 'R', 'G', 'IH0', 'JH']
element: IH0  from current innerlist: ['M', 'AO1', 'R', 'G', 'IH0', 'JH']
element: JH  from current innerlist: ['M', 'AO1', 'R', 'G', 'IH0', 'JH']


--------------------------------------------

【讨论】：