SQLAlchemy声明性mixin类上的自引用外键关系与declared_attr

Question

我在 SQLAlchemy 应用程序的开头附近定义了一个 mixin 类，然后继承了我使用的几乎所有声明性模型。

class Owned(object):

    @declared_attr
    def created_by_id(cls):
        return Column(Integer, ForeignKey("accounts.id"),
            nullable = True)

    @declared_attr
    def created_by(cls):
        return relationship("Account", foreign_keys = cls.created_by_id)

    @declared_attr
    def updated_by_id(cls):
        return Column(Integer, ForeignKey("accounts.id"),
            nullable = True)

    @declared_attr
    def updated_by(cls):
        return relationship("Account", foreign_keys = cls.updated_by_id)

这适用于大多数预期用例。

class Thing(Owned, Base): # Base is from SQLAlchemy's declarative_base()
    pass

account = session.query(Account).first()

thing = Thing(created_by = account, updated_by = account)

session.add(thing)
session.commit()
session.refresh(thing)

assert thing.created_by == account # pass
assert thing.updated_by == account # pass

但是，当我将 Account 本身定义为从 Owned 继承时，我得到了意外的行为。

class Account(Owned, Base):
    pass

account_old = session.query(Account).first()

account_new = Account(created_by = account_old, updated_by = account_old)

session.add(account_new)
session.commit()
session.refresh(account_new)

assert account_new.created_by_id == account_old.id # pass
assert account_new.updated_by_id == account_old.id # pass

# BUT!

assert account_new.created_by == account_old # fail
assert account_new.updated_by == account_old # fail

account_new.created_by # []
account_new.updated_by # []

我看到，在这种情况下，我已将 created_by_id 和 updated_by_id 转换为自引用外键。然而，我不明白的是，为什么 SQLAlchemy 没有用预期的 Account 实例填充它们关联的 relationship 列。

我做错了什么？

Answer 1

在adjacency list relationship 中，默认情况下假定“方向”为一对多。使用 remote_side 指令确定关系是多对一的，这就是您所追求的：

def _create_relationship(cls, foreign_keys):
    kwgs = {}
    # Bit of a chicken or egg situation:
    if cls.__name__ == "Account":
        kwgs["remote_side"] = [cls.id]

    return relationship("Account", foreign_keys=foreign_keys, **kwgs)


class Owned:

    @declared_attr
    def created_by_id(cls):
        return Column(Integer, ForeignKey("accounts.id"),
            nullable = True)

    @declared_attr
    def created_by(cls):
        return _create_relationship(cls, cls.created_by_id)

    @declared_attr
    def updated_by_id(cls):
        return Column(Integer, ForeignKey("accounts.id"),
            nullable = True)

    @declared_attr
    def updated_by(cls):
        return _create_relationship(cls, cls.updated_by_id)