标记方法并通过标记从客户端对象调用它们

Question

我一直在尝试找出一种方法来标记我的基类中的几个方法，以便客户端类可以通过标记调用它们。示例代码为：

public class Base {
         public void method1(){     
        ..change state of base class
    }

    public void method2(){      
        ..change state of base class
    }

    public void method3(){      
        ..change state of base class
    }
}

来自 main() 方法的客户端类将通过随机指令序列调用 Base 的每个方法：

public static void main(String[] args) {
String sequence = "ABCAABBBABACCACC"
Base aBase = new Base();
for (int i = 0; i < sequence.length(); i++){
            char temp = sequence.charAt(i);
            switch(temp){
            case 'A':{aBase.method1(); break;}
            case 'B':{aBase.method2(); break;}
            case 'C':{aBase.method3(); break;}          }
        }

        System.out.println(aBase.getState());

    }

现在我希望从 Client 对象中完全摆脱 switch 语句。我知道用多态性替换 switch 的技术，但希望 避免 创建一组新类。我希望将这些方法简单地存储在适当的数据结构中，并以某种方式用序列中的匹配字符标记它们。

映射可以轻松地存储具有可以完成工作的值/键对的对象（就像我所做的here）或命令模式，但由于我不想用对象替换这些方法，是否存在也许是另一种方式，存储方法并让客户端有选择地调用它们？

感谢任何建议

Answer 1

这样的东西？

public class Base {

    private final Map<Character, Method> methods = new HashMap<Character, Method>();

    public Base() throws SecurityException, NoSuchMethodException {
        methods.put('A', getClass().getMethod("method1"));
        methods.put('B', getClass().getMethod("method2"));
        methods.put('C', getClass().getMethod("method3"));
    }

    public Method getMethod(char c) {
        return methods.get(c);
    }

    public void method1() {}

    public void method2() {}

    public void method3() {}

}

然后

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String sequence = "ABCAABBBABACCACC";
        Base aBase = new Base();

        for (int i = 0; i < sequence.length(); i++) {
            char temp = sequence.charAt(i);
            aBase.getMethod(temp).invoke(aBase);
        }
    }

Answer 2

我会在有问题的方法上使用annotations，允许将其标记为“标记方法”，并提供用于该方法的标记字符串。

从那时起，实现变得更简单了；您可以使用反射来迭代类的方法并检查它们的注释；也许在启动时静态执行此操作并填充从标记字符串到 java.lang.reflect.Method 的映射。

然后在处理命令字符串时，调用每个标签对应的方法。

编辑：一些示例代码：

import java.lang.annotation.*; 

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface TaggedMethod {
    String tag();
}

然后在基类中：

public class Base {

   @TaggedMethod(tag = "A")
   public void method1(){         
    ..change state of base class
   }

   @TaggedMethod(tag = "B")
   public void method2(){              
    ..change state of base class
   }

   @TaggedMethod(tag = "C")
   public void method3(){              
    ..change state of base class
   }
}

...在客户端：

private static final Map<String, Method> taggedMethods = new HashMap<String, Method>();

// Set up the tag mapping
static
{
   for (Method m : Base.class.getDeclaredMethods())
   {
      TaggedMethod annotation = m.getAnnotation(TaggedMethod.class)
      if (annotation != null)
      {
         taggedMethods.put(annotation.tag(), m);
      }
   }
}

这样您就可以通过以下方式访问它：

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
{
   String sequence = "ABCAABBBABACCACC"
   Base aBase = new Base();
   for (int i = 0; i < sequence.length(); i++)
   {
            String temp = sequence.substring(i,1);
            Method method = taggedMethods.get(temp);
            if (method != null)
            {
                // Error handling of invocation exceptions not included
                method.invoke(aBase);
            }
            else
            {
               // Unrecognised tag - handle however
            }
    }

    System.out.println(aBase.getState());

}

顺便说一句，此代码尚未编译或测试... :-)

Answer 3

您可以在 C# 中为此使用属性。对于 Java，使用注解。从 Attribute 类派生一个类，例如 TagAttribute，并将该属性应用于方法。

[global::System.AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method, Inherited = true, AllowMultiple = false)]
public sealed class TagAttribute : Attribute
{
    public TagAttribute(char value)
    {
        this.value = value;
    }

    private char value;
    public char Value
    {
        get { return value; }
    }
}

将属性应用于方法：

public class MyClass
{
    [Tag('A')]
    public void Method1()
    { Console.Write("a"); }

    [Tag('B')]
    public void Method2()
    { Console.Write("b"); }

    [Tag('C')]
    public void Method3()
    { Console.Write("c"); }
}

使用反射调用方法：

private static void CallTaggedMethod(MyClass instance, char value)
{
    MethodInfo methodToCall = null;

    // From the MyClass type...
    Type t = typeof(MyClass);
    // ...get all methods.
    MethodInfo[] methods = t.GetMethods();
    // For each method...
    foreach (MethodInfo mi in methods)
    {
        // ...find all TagAttributes applied to it.
        TagAttribute[] attributes = (TagAttribute[])mi.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(TagAttribute), true);
        if (attributes.Length == 0)
            // No attributes, continue.
            continue;
        // We assume that at most one attribute is applied to each method.
        TagAttribute attr = attributes[0];
        if (attr.Value == value)
        {
            // The values match, so we call this method.
            methodToCall = mi;
            break;
        }
    }

    if (methodToCall == null)
        throw new InvalidOperationException("No method to call.");

    object result = methodToCall.Invoke(
        // Instance object
        instance,
        // Arguments
        new object[0]);

    // 'result' now contains the return value.
    // It is ignored here.
}

从您的 Main 方法调用 CallTaggedMethod：

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    String sequence = "ABCAABBBABACCACC";
    MyClass inst = new MyClass();

    foreach(char c in sequence)
        CallTaggedMethod(inst, c);

    // The rest.

    Console.ReadLine();
}

Answer 4

这是我的注释方法。如果您使用注释，您甚至不需要标签到方法的 Map，只需遍历序列并使用反射查找该标签的方法。

import java.lang.annotation.*;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
public @interface Tag {
   char value();
}

然后：

public class Base {

   StringBuilder state = new StringBuilder();

   @Tag('A')
   public void method1(){         
      state.append("1");
   }

  @Tag('B')
  public void method2(){              
     state.append("2");
  }

  @Tag('C')
  public void method3(){              
     state.append("3");
  }

  public String getState() {
     return state.toString();
  }
}

然后

public final class TagRunner {

   private TagRunner() {
      super();
   }

   public static void main(String[] args) throws IllegalArgumentException, 
   IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
      Base b = new Base();
      run(b, "ABCAABBBABACCACC");
      System.out.println(b.getState());
   }

   private static <T> void run(T type, String sequence) throws 
   IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
      CharacterIterator it = new StringCharacterIterator(sequence);
      Class<?> taggedClass = type.getClass();

      for (char c = it.first(); c != CharacterIterator.DONE; c = it.next()) {
         getMethodForCharacter(taggedClass, c).invoke(type);    
      }
   }

   private static Method getMethodForCharacter(Class<?> taggedClass, char c) {
      for (Method m : taggedClass.getDeclaredMethods()) {
         if (m.isAnnotationPresent(Tag.class)){
            char value = m.getAnnotation(Tag.class).value();
            if (c == value) {
               return m;
            }
         }      
      }

     //If we get here, there are no methods tagged with this character
     return null;
  }
}