Django 不会在 ModelForm 上保存 ManyToMany 字段

Question

我有一个类似于以下的模型（这是一个长格式的精简版）：

class UserProfile(models.Model):
    display_name = models.CharField()
    nationality = models.ForeignKey(Nationality)
    religion = models.ForeignKey(Religion)

    partner_nationality = models.ManyToManyField(
        Nationality,
        related_name='partner_nationality',
        blank=True)
    partner_religion = models.ManyToManyField(
        Religion,
        related_name='partner_religion',
        blank=True)

以及以下模型形式：

class UserProfilePartnerPreferencesForm(ModelForm):
    partner_nationality = ModelChoiceField(
        queryset=Nationality.objects.order_by('name'),
        widget=CheckboxSelectMultiple,
        empty_label=None,
        required=False,
        to_field_name='id')

    class Meta:
        model = UserProfile
        fields = [
            'partner_religion',
            'partner_nationality',
        ]
        widgets = {
            'partner_religion': CheckboxSelectMultiple(),
        }

还有这个通用视图：

class UserProfilePartnerPreferencesUpdateView(LoginRequiredMixin,
                                              UpdateView):
    model = UserProfile
    form_class = UserProfilePartnerPreferencesForm

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        Force the PK of the object to edit to the current user's profile
        """
        self.kwargs[self.pk_url_kwarg] = request.user.profile.id
        return super(UserProfilePartnerPreferencesUpdateView, self).get(
            request, *args, **kwargs)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        Force the PK of the object to edit to the current user's profile
        """
        self.kwargs[self.pk_url_kwarg] = request.user.profile.id
        return super(UserProfilePartnerPreferencesUpdateView, self).post(
            request, *args, **kwargs)

所以我在模型表单中所做的是：

• 不显示某些字段 (display_name)
• 更改字段上的小部件
• 创建自定义查询集并更改字段上的小部件。

此表单显示正常，但我传递自定义查询集的字段不会保存。如果我不给它任何值，django 在尝试保存字段时会抱怨'NoneType' object is not iterable（在此示例中为partner_nationality）。如果我给它一个有效值，它会说该值无效。

因此，当保存表单时，我提供自定义查询集的字段似乎没有正确应用。如果我注释掉自定义项（即 ModelForm 中的 partner_nationality），它会使用默认设置正确保存。

如何传递自定义查询集并更改模型的 ManyToMany 字段的小部件？此外，如果有更简单的方法（例如将参数传递给widgets dict（其中定义了partner_religion），则可以加分。

我正在使用 Django 1.11.1。

更新

不选择任何选项时的完整回溯如下：

Environment:


Request Method: POST
Request URL: http://127.0.0.1:8000/user-profile/edit/preferences

Django Version: 1.11.1
Python Version: 3.5.1
Installed Applications:
['django.contrib.admin',
 'django.contrib.auth',
 'django.contrib.contenttypes',
 'django.contrib.sessions',
 'django.contrib.messages',
 'django.contrib.staticfiles',
 'django.contrib.sites',
 'allauth',
 'allauth.account',
 'allauth.socialaccount',
 'dating.dating',
 'dating_site']
Installed Middleware:
['django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware']



Traceback:

File "/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py" in inner
  41.             response = get_response(request)

File "/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in _get_response
  187.                 response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)

File "/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in _get_response
  185.                 response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)

File "/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/views/generic/base.py" in view
  68.             return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)

File "/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/mixins.py" in dispatch
  56.         return super(LoginRequiredMixin, self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)

File "/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/mixins.py" in dispatch
  116.         return super(UserPassesTestMixin, self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)

File "/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/views/generic/base.py" in dispatch
  88.         return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)

File "/dating/dating/dating/views/user_profile.py" in post
  99.         return super(UserProfilePartnerPreferencesUpdateView, self).post(request, *args, **kwargs)

File "/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/views/generic/edit.py" in post
  240.         return super(BaseUpdateView, self).post(request, *args, **kwargs)

File "/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/views/generic/edit.py" in post
  183.             return self.form_valid(form)

File "/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/views/generic/edit.py" in form_valid
  162.         self.object = form.save()

File "/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/forms/models.py" in save
  452.             self._save_m2m()

File "/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/forms/models.py" in _save_m2m
  434.                 f.save_form_data(self.instance, cleaned_data[f.name])

File "/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/related.py" in save_form_data
  1686.         getattr(instance, self.attname).set(data)

File "/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/related_descriptors.py" in set
  982.             objs = tuple(objs)

Exception Type: TypeError at /events/dating/user-profile/edit/preferences
Exception Value: 'NoneType' object is not iterable

Answer 1

在您的模型中，partner_nationality 是 ManyToManyField。因此，您应该在表单中使用ModelMultipleChoiceField，而不是ModelChoiceField。

class UserProfilePartnerPreferencesForm(ModelForm):
    partner_nationality = ModelMultipleChoiceField(
        queryset=Nationality.objects.order_by('name'),
        widget=CheckboxSelectMultiple,
    )

如果在字段定义中定义小部件，则不必在widgets 中也进行设置。

另一种方法是在__init__ 方法中更改字段的属性。例如，您可以使用以下内容更改查询集：

class UserProfilePartnerPreferencesForm(ModelForm):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(UserProfilePartnerPreferencesForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.fields['partner_nationality'].queryset = Nationality.objects.order_by('name')